Frazier L, Hoyer W J
Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, NY 13244-2340.
Exp Aging Res. 1992 Spring-Summer;18(1-2):9-14. doi: 10.1080/03610739208253905.
This study extended aspects of Biederman's (1987) recognition-by-components (RBC) theory to the analysis of age differences in the recognition of incomplete visually-presented objects. RBC theory predicts that objects are recognizable or recoverable under conditions of fragmentation if a sufficient amount of essential structural information remains available. Objects are rendered nonrecoverable by the omission or obstruction of essential structural features at vertices and areas of concavity. Fifteen young adults and 15 older adults participated in a study of the effects of amount (25%, 45%, 65%) and type of fragmentation (recoverable, nonrecoverable) on object naming. Age-related declines in recognizing incomplete objects were associated with the amount of fragmentation, but type of fragmentation did not affect the performance of older adults. For the young adults, accuracy of performance was affected by both amount and type of fragmentation, consistent with Biederman's RBC theory. These results were interpreted as suggesting that age-related declines in perceptual closure performance have to do with non-structural factors such as the ability to inferentially augment degraded or missing visual information.
本研究将比德曼（1987年）的成分识别（RBC）理论的各方面扩展至对不完全视觉呈现物体识别中的年龄差异分析。RBC理论预测，如果有足够数量的基本结构信息可用，那么物体在碎片化条件下是可识别或可恢复的。通过在顶点和凹面区域遗漏或遮挡基本结构特征，物体会变得不可恢复。15名年轻成年人和15名年长成年人参与了一项关于碎片化数量（25%、45%、65%）和类型（可恢复、不可恢复）对物体命名影响的研究。与年龄相关的不完全物体识别能力下降与碎片化数量有关，但碎片化类型并未影响年长成年人的表现。对于年轻成年人，表现的准确性受碎片化数量和类型两者的影响，这与比德曼的RBC理论一致。这些结果被解释为表明与年龄相关的知觉闭合表现下降与非结构因素有关，比如推断性增强退化或缺失视觉信息的能力。
