Punt A G, Millward G E, Harris J R W
Enviros Consulting Limited, 61 The Shore, Leith Edinburgh, EH6 6RA, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2003 Oct 1;314-316:715-25. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00079-2.
Predictions of the tidal variation in water elevation and the advection-dispersion of solutes have been made for the Tweed River Estuary (UK) by application of a modelling package called ECoS. The estuarine model consisted of a one-dimensional hydrodynamic scheme with tidally variable channel cross-sectional area. The model was driven by predicted tidal elevation at the mouth of the estuary, and combined fluvial inputs observed for the River Tweed at the head of the estuary and the River Whiteadder, a tributary within the tidal reaches. Model results were compared to field data collected during routine surveys of the river estuary, conducted as part of Natural Environment Research Council Land-Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS). Validation protocols showed that the model reproduced tidal- and river flow-driven changes in surface elevation, and explained over 90% of the variation in salinity when field data were averaged through the water column. The study demonstrates that ECoS can be used to model tidal hydrodynamic processes, and that in a stratified estuary a depth-averaged model is able to replicate depth-averaged data. However, in rapidly rising and partially stratified estuaries with highly variable river flows, sufficient and appropriate data must be available for model set-up and validation. This has implications for how field studies should be planned and conducted.
通过应用名为ECoS的建模软件包，对英国特威德河河口的水位潮汐变化以及溶质的平流扩散进行了预测。河口模型由一个一维水动力方案组成，其河道横截面积随潮汐变化。该模型由河口口门处的预测潮汐水位驱动，并结合了在河口源头观测到的特威德河以及潮汐河段内一条支流怀特阿德尔河的河流输入。模型结果与作为自然环境研究理事会陆地-海洋相互作用研究（LOIS）一部分的河口常规调查期间收集的现场数据进行了比较。验证方案表明，该模型再现了潮汐和河流流量驱动的水面高程变化，并且当现场数据在水柱中平均时，能够解释超过90%的盐度变化。该研究表明，ECoS可用于模拟潮汐水动力过程，并且在分层河口，深度平均模型能够复制深度平均数据。然而，在河流流量变化很大的快速上升且部分分层的河口，必须有足够且合适的数据用于模型设置和验证。这对现场研究的规划和开展方式具有启示意义。
