Markham S M, Waterhouse T B
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007-2197.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Dec;4(6):867-73.
Structural anomalies of the female reproductive tract may be divided into disorders of lateral fusion and disorders of vertical fusion of the Müllerian duct system. In the past, these disorders were diagnosed at or after menarche or later in life during evaluation of various forms of reproductive tract failure, such as infertility and pregnancy wastage. Newer techniques including pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have allowed diagnosis in the pediatric patient and on occasion, even in utero. Surgical correction of lateral-fusion defects (didelphic, bicornuate, septate, and unicornuate uteri) have remained essentially unchanged except for surgical reconstruction of the septate uterus. Surgical correction of vertical defects (vaginal septi and cervical agenesis or dysgenesis) has received considerable recent interest with the development of newer techniques that may be more effective than the reconstructive procedures of the past.
女性生殖道的结构异常可分为苗勒管系统侧方融合障碍和纵向融合障碍。过去，这些疾病是在初潮时或之后，或在评估各种形式的生殖道功能衰竭（如不孕和妊娠丢失）时在生命后期诊断出来的。包括盆腔超声和磁共振成像在内的新技术使得在儿科患者中甚至有时在子宫内就能做出诊断。除了中隔子宫的手术重建外，侧方融合缺陷（双子宫、双角子宫、中隔子宫和单角子宫）的手术矫正基本没有变化。随着可能比过去的重建手术更有效的新技术的发展，纵向缺陷（阴道纵隔和宫颈闭锁或发育不全）的手术矫正最近受到了相当大的关注。
