Chapin Jay W, Thomas James S
Department of Entomology, Clemson University, Edisto REC, 64 Research Road, Blackville, SC 29817, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2003 Aug;96(4):1142-52. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493(2003)096[1142:BBHCIP]2.0.CO;2.
Pitfall traps placed in South Carolina peanut, Arachis hypogaea (L.), fields collected three species of burrower bugs (Cydnidae): Cyrtomenus ciliatus (Palisot de Beauvois), Sehirus cinctus cinctus (Palisot de Beauvois), and Pangaeus bilineatus (Say). Cyrtomenus ciliatus was rarely collected. Sehirus cinctus produced a nymphal cohort in peanut during May and June, probably because of abundant henbit seeds, Lamium amplexicaule L., in strip-till production systems. No S. cinctus were present during peanut pod formation. Pangaeus bilineatus was the most abundant species collected and the only species associated with peanut kernel feeding injury. Overwintering P. bilineatus adults were present in a conservation tillage peanut field before planting and two to three subsequent generations were observed. Few nymphs were collected until the R6 (full seed) growth stage. Tillage and choice of cover crop affected P. bilineatus populations. Peanuts strip-tilled into corn or wheat residue had greater P. bilineatus populations and kernel-feeding than conventional tillage or strip-tillage into rye residue. Fall tillage before planting a wheat cover crop also reduced burrower bug feeding on peanut. At-pegging (early July) granular chlorpyrifos treatments were most consistent in suppressing kernel feeding. Kernels fed on by P. bilineatus were on average 10% lighter than unfed on kernels. Pangaeus bilineatus feeding reduced peanut grade by reducing individual kernel weight, and increasing the percentage damaged kernels. Each 10% increase in kernels fed on by P. bilineatus was associated with a 1.7% decrease in total sound mature kernels, and kernel feeding levels above 30% increase the risk of damaged kernel grade penalties.
放置在南卡罗来纳州花生田（落花生，豆科）中的陷阱诱捕器捕获了三种土蝽（土蝽科）：纤毛土蝽（Palisot de Beauvois）、带纹土蝽（Palisot de Beauvois）和双线土蝽（Say）。纤毛土蝽很少被捕获。带纹土蝽在5月和6月的花生田中产生了若虫群体，这可能是由于免耕生产系统中有大量的宝盖草种子（宝盖草，唇形科）。在花生结荚期没有发现带纹土蝽。双线土蝽是捕获到的数量最多的物种，也是唯一与花生仁取食损伤有关的物种。在保护性耕作的花生田种植前就有越冬的双线土蝽成虫，随后观察到了两到三代。直到R6（全籽）生长阶段才捕获到少量若虫。耕作方式和覆盖作物的选择影响了双线土蝽的种群数量。与传统耕作或翻耕到黑麦残茬中相比，翻耕到玉米或小麦残茬中的花生田双线土蝽种群数量更多，对花生仁的取食也更多。在种植小麦覆盖作物前进行秋季耕作也减少了土蝽对花生的取食。在花生下针期（7月初）施用颗粒状毒死蜱处理在抑制花生仁取食方面最为一致。被双线土蝽取食的花生仁平均比未被取食的花生仁轻10%。双线土蝽的取食通过降低单粒花生仁重量和增加受损花生仁百分比而降低了花生等级。双线土蝽取食的花生仁每增加10%，健全成熟花生仁总量就会减少1.7%，当花生仁取食水平超过30%时，花生仁受损等级处罚的风险就会增加。
