Cardoza Yasmin J, Drake Wendy L, Jordan David L, Schroeder-Moreno Michelle S, Arellano Consuelo, Brandenburg Rick L
Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613.
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620.
Environ Entomol. 2015 Aug;44(4):951-9. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvv074. Epub 2015 May 18.
Demand for agricultural production systems that are both economically viable and environmentally conscious continues to increase. In recent years, reduced tillage systems, and grass and pasture rotations have been investigated to help maintain or improve soil quality, increase crop yield, and decrease labor requirements for production. However, documentation of the effects of reduced tillage, fescue rotation systems as well as other management practices, including pesticides, on pest damage and soil arthropod activity in peanut production for the Mid-Atlantic US region is still limited. Therefore, this project was implemented to assess impacts of fescue-based rotation systems on pests and other soil organisms when compared with cash crop rotation systems over four locations in eastern North Carolina. In addition, the effects of tillage (strip vs. conventional) and soil chlorpyrifos application on pod damage and soil-dwelling organisms were also evaluated. Soil arthropod populations were assessed by deploying pitfall traps containing 50% ethanol in each of the sampled plots. Results from the present study provide evidence that location significantly impacts pest damage and soil arthropod diversity in peanut fields. Cropping history also influenced arthropod diversity, with higher diversity in fescue compared with cash crop fields. Corn rootworm damage to pods was higher at one of our locations (Rocky Mount) compared with all others. Cropping history (fescue vs. cash crop) did not have an effect on rootworm damage, but increased numbers of hymenopterans, acarina, heteropterans, and collembolans in fescue compared with cash crop fields. Interestingly, there was an overall tendency for higher number of soil arthropods in traps placed in chlorpyrifos-treated plots compared with nontreated controls.
对经济上可行且注重环保的农业生产系统的需求持续增长。近年来，人们对减少耕作系统以及草田轮作和牧场轮作进行了研究，以帮助维持或改善土壤质量、提高作物产量并降低生产所需的劳动力。然而，在美国中大西洋地区，关于减少耕作、羊茅轮作系统以及包括杀虫剂在内的其他管理措施对花生生产中害虫危害和土壤节肢动物活动影响的文献仍然有限。因此，实施了该项目，以评估与经济作物轮作系统相比，在北卡罗来纳州东部的四个地点，基于羊茅的轮作系统对害虫和其他土壤生物的影响。此外，还评估了耕作方式（条耕与传统耕作）和土壤毒死蜱施用对荚果损害和土壤栖息生物的影响。通过在每个采样地块部署装有50%乙醇的陷阱来评估土壤节肢动物种群。本研究结果表明，地点对花生田的害虫危害和土壤节肢动物多样性有显著影响。种植历史也影响节肢动物多样性，与经济作物田相比，羊茅田的多样性更高。与其他所有地点相比，在我们的一个地点（洛基山），玉米根虫对荚果的损害更高。种植历史（羊茅与经济作物）对根虫损害没有影响，但与经济作物田相比，羊茅田中膜翅目、蜱螨目、异翅亚目和弹尾目的数量增加。有趣的是，与未处理的对照相比，在施用毒死蜱的地块放置的陷阱中，土壤节肢动物的数量总体上有增加的趋势。
