Eichholzer M, Stähelin H B, Gey K F
Geriatric Clinic Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland.
EXS. 1992;62:398-410. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7460-1_38.
There is accumulating evidence that free radicals may contribute to various diseases such as cancer or cardiovascular disease. Possible health hazards can to some extent be prevented by the body's multilevel defense system against free radicals, which comprises, besides others, antioxidant vitamins. The 12-year mortality follow-up of 2,974 participants of the Basal Study allowed to test the hypothesis that low antioxidant vitamin plasma concentrations (vitamin A, C, E and carotene) were associated with increased death from cancer of various sites and death from atherosclerosis such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, respectively. For the analysis 204 cancer cases, 132 fatalities from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 31 deaths from cerebral vascular disease were available. Cancer mortality. Overall mortality from cancer was associated with low mean plasma levels of carotene adjusted for cholesterol (p less than 0.01) and of vitamin C (p less than 0.01). Bronchus and stomach cancers were associated with a low mean plasma carotene level (p less than 0.01). Subjects with subsequent stomach cancer had also lower mean vitamin C and lipid-adjusted vitamin A levels than survivors (p less than 0.05). Calculating the relative risk with exclusion of mortality during the first two years of follow-up, low plasma carotene was associated with an increased risk for bronchus cancer (RR 1.8, p less than 0.05), and the small number of stomach cancer cases (RR 2.95, p less than 0.05) low plasma levels of carotene and vitamin A with all cancer types (RR 2.47, p less than 0.01), and low plasma retinol in older subjects (greater than 60 years) with lung cancer (RR 2.17, p less than 0.05). Studies in other cohorts with a poor vitamin E status revealed an increased risk of subsequent cancer at low vitamin E levels as well. It is concluded that low plasma levels of all major essential antioxidants are associated with an increased risk of subsequent cancer mortality. Cardio-vascular mortality. Plasma carotene concentration below quartile 1 was associated with an increased risk for IHD (RR 1.53, p = 0.02). The same was true for low levels of both carotene and vitamin C (RR = 1.96, p = 0.022). The risk of cerebrovascular death was elevated in subjects with low carotene in the presence of low vitamin C plasma concentration (RR 4.17, p less than 0.01). These data confirm and extend recent findings on an inverse correlation of beta-carotene and vitamin C respectively to CVD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
越来越多的证据表明，自由基可能导致各种疾病，如癌症或心血管疾病。身体针对自由基的多层次防御系统在一定程度上可以预防可能的健康危害，该系统除其他成分外还包括抗氧化维生素。对基础研究的2974名参与者进行的12年死亡率随访，使得能够检验以下假设：低抗氧化维生素血浆浓度（维生素A、C、E和胡萝卜素）分别与不同部位癌症死亡风险增加以及动脉粥样硬化死亡风险增加相关，如缺血性心脏病和中风。分析可得204例癌症病例、132例缺血性心脏病（IHD）死亡病例和31例脑血管疾病死亡病例。癌症死亡率。经胆固醇校正后，总体癌症死亡率与低平均血浆胡萝卜素水平（p<0.01）和维生素C水平（p<0.01）相关。支气管癌和胃癌与低平均血浆胡萝卜素水平相关（p<0.01）。后续患胃癌的受试者，其平均维生素C水平和经脂质校正的维生素A水平也低于幸存者（p<0.05）。排除随访前两年的死亡率来计算相对风险，低血浆胡萝卜素与支气管癌风险增加相关（RR 1.8，p<0.05），少数胃癌病例（RR 2.95，p<0.05）、低血浆胡萝卜素和维生素A水平与所有癌症类型相关（RR 2.47，p<0.01），以及老年受试者（大于60岁）中低血浆视黄醇与肺癌相关（RR 2.17，p<0.05）。对其他维生素E水平较低队列的研究也表明，低维生素E水平会增加后续患癌风险。结论是，所有主要必需抗氧化剂的低血浆水平与后续癌症死亡风险增加相关。心血管疾病死亡率。血浆胡萝卜素浓度低于四分位数1与IHD风险增加相关（RR 1.53，p = 0.02）。胡萝卜素和维生素C水平均低时情况相同（RR = 1.96，p = 0.022）。在血浆维生素C浓度低的情况下，胡萝卜素水平低的受试者脑血管死亡风险升高（RR 4.17，p<0.01）。这些数据证实并扩展了最近关于β-胡萝卜素和维生素C分别与心血管疾病呈负相关的研究结果。（摘要截取自400字）
