Berra Kathy
Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Palo Alto, California, USA.
J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2003 Aug;15(8):361-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2003.tb00409.x.
To review clinical and laboratory findings that will enhance nurse practitioner (NP) recognition of the metabolic syndrome and to increase awareness of recent treatment guidelines and treatment options.
Professional association practice guidelines, government documents, original research articles, and journal articles.
The metabolic syndrome is a prevalent condition characterized by a cluster of lipid and nonlipid abnormalities, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated fasting blood glucose, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. Many persons with this syndrome are also insulin resistant. Prompt recognition and treatment of the metabolic syndrome can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. Clinical guidelines recommend treating the metabolic syndrome as a secondary target of lipid-lowering therapy after addressing the primary target, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
NPs are in an instrumental position to manage treatment for patients with the metabolic syndrome by (a) evaluating risk factors, including abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, and elevated fasting blood glucose; (b) assisting in the modification of lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise; (c) implementing pharmacological therapy when needed; and (d) providing psychosocial support to encourage therapeutic adherence.
回顾临床和实验室检查结果，以提高执业护士（NP）对代谢综合征的识别能力，并增强对近期治疗指南和治疗选择的认识。
专业协会实践指南、政府文件、原创研究文章和期刊文章。
代谢综合征是一种普遍存在的病症，其特征为一系列脂质和非脂质异常，包括致动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常、空腹血糖升高、高血压和腹型肥胖。许多患有该综合征的人也存在胰岛素抵抗。及时识别和治疗代谢综合征可预防或延缓2型糖尿病和冠心病的发生。临床指南建议在将低密度脂蛋白胆固醇作为降脂治疗的首要目标后，将代谢综合征作为降脂治疗的次要目标。
执业护士处于管理代谢综合征患者治疗的关键位置，具体方式包括：（a）评估危险因素，包括腹型肥胖、身体活动不足、致动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常、高血压和空腹血糖升高；（b）协助改变生活方式因素，如饮食和运动；（c）在需要时实施药物治疗；（d）提供心理社会支持以鼓励治疗依从性。
