Thorley Bruce R, Brussen Kerri Anne, Stambos Vicki, Kelly Heath
Poliovirus Reference Laboratory, Carlton South, Victoria.
Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2003;27(3):352-6. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2003.27.59.
Acute flaccid paralysis is the main clinical manifestation of poliomyelitis. Faecal specimens from cases of acute flaccid paralysis in Australia are referred to the National Poliovirus Reference Laboratory for virus culture to determine if poliovirus is the causative agent. Isolations of poliovirus are tested to determine whether they have characteristics of the Sabin oral polio vaccine virus strains or wild type polioviruses. In 2002, a poliovirus type 3, which tested as Sabin vaccine-like, was isolated from an Australian patient with acute flaccid paralysis. A non-polio enterovirus, Echovirus type 18, was isolated from the faecal specimens of another case of acute flaccid paralysis. In the same period, the laboratory identified 35 Sabin-like polioviruses from 52 referred specimens and isolates from cases without acute flaccid paralysis. Australia is a member nation of the World Health Organization's Western Pacific region that was declared free of endemic wild poliovirus in October 2000. Poliomyelitis remains endemic in three of the WHO regions of the world and wild poliovirus may be re-introduced to Australia. While the number of polio-endemic countries has been reduced to seven, the total number of wild polioviruses identified increased in 2002 compared to 2001 due to a sharp rise in isolations of wild virus from Northern India. Until global eradication of poliomyelitis is achieved, it is essential that a high level of poliovirus vaccination coverage, and surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis, be maintained in Australia.
急性弛缓性麻痹是脊髓灰质炎的主要临床表现。澳大利亚急性弛缓性麻痹病例的粪便标本会被送往国家脊髓灰质炎病毒参考实验室进行病毒培养，以确定脊髓灰质炎病毒是否为致病因子。对分离出的脊髓灰质炎病毒进行检测，以确定它们是否具有萨宾口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗病毒株或野生型脊髓灰质炎病毒的特征。2002年，从一名患有急性弛缓性麻痹的澳大利亚患者身上分离出一株检测结果为类似萨宾疫苗的3型脊髓灰质炎病毒。从另一例急性弛缓性麻痹病例的粪便标本中分离出一种非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒，即18型埃可病毒。同一时期，该实验室从52份送检标本以及非急性弛缓性麻痹病例的分离物中鉴定出35株类似萨宾的脊髓灰质炎病毒。澳大利亚是世界卫生组织西太平洋区域的成员国，于2000年10月宣布无地方性野生脊髓灰质炎病毒。脊髓灰质炎在世界卫生组织的三个区域仍然流行，野生脊髓灰质炎病毒可能会重新传入澳大利亚。虽然脊髓灰质炎流行国家的数量已减少到7个，但由于印度北部野生病毒分离数量急剧增加，2002年鉴定出的野生脊髓灰质炎病毒总数与2001年相比有所增加。在全球实现根除脊髓灰质炎之前，澳大利亚必须保持高水平的脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗接种覆盖率，并对急性弛缓性麻痹病例进行监测。
