[Research in pneumology since 100 years].

Pulmonology during the last century has early on benefited from outstanding morphologic, anatomic and physiologic descriptions which have allowed the comprehension of pulmonary mechanic and gas exchanges. On these bases invasive and non-invasive ventilations have been initiated. With the discovery of antibiotics and antituberculosis treatments, the mortality related to infections diseases has markedly decreased in the young ages in countries having access to them. Biotechnology should soon improve the treatment not only of vascular but also interstitial diseases. Surgery remains the cornerstone for the treatment of limited cancer. Lung transplantation and lately thromboendarterectomy are becoming of more widespread usage.