Folatre Isabel, Zolezzi Paola, Schmidt Daniela, Marín Francisco, Täger Marlis
Instituto de Hematología R. Virchow, Instituto de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567-Valdivia.
Rev Med Chil. 2003 Jul;131(7):759-64.
Infections caused by Varicella Zoster virus in children with cancer have a high rate of complications and mortality.
To report the outcome of this infection in children with cancer.
Retrospective analysis of medical records of 216 children aged less than 15 years old with the diagnosis of an hematological or solid tumor, admitted to the National Program of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA).
Eighty seven children had a Varicella Zoster virus infections, 73 (84%) had varicella, 8 (9%) had herpes zoster and 6 (7%) had varicella and herpes zoster. Ninety four percent acquired the infection during antineoplastic treatment and 78% received Acyclovir as antiviral therapy. During a nosocomial outbreak of varicella, three patients with an Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia died in the initial phase of chemotherapy, in spite of an early administration of Acyclovir. No patient with herpes zoster died.
The incidence of varicella was higher in children with leukemia or lymphoma than in children with other types of cancer. Virus reactivation was uncommon and had a benign course. Varicella mortality in these children could be favorably modified through an active immunization of immunocompetent children.
癌症患儿感染水痘带状疱疹病毒会引发高并发症率和死亡率。
报告癌症患儿感染该病毒的结果。
对216名年龄小于15岁、诊断为血液系统或实体肿瘤并被纳入国家抗肿瘤药物计划（PINDA）的患儿的病历进行回顾性分析。
87名患儿感染水痘带状疱疹病毒，73名（84%）患水痘，8名（9%）患带状疱疹，6名（7%）同时患水痘和带状疱疹。94%的患儿在抗肿瘤治疗期间感染，78%接受阿昔洛韦作为抗病毒治疗。在一次水痘医院感染暴发期间，3名急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿在化疗初期死亡，尽管早期给予了阿昔洛韦治疗。带状疱疹患儿无死亡病例。
白血病或淋巴瘤患儿的水痘发病率高于其他类型癌症患儿。病毒再激活不常见且病程良性。通过对免疫功能正常的儿童进行主动免疫，可改善这些患儿的水痘死亡率。
