[Infections caused by Varicella Zoster virus in children with cancer aged less than 15 years old].

BACKGROUND

Infections caused by Varicella Zoster virus in children with cancer have a high rate of complications and mortality.

AIM

To report the outcome of this infection in children with cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Retrospective analysis of medical records of 216 children aged less than 15 years old with the diagnosis of an hematological or solid tumor, admitted to the National Program of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA).

RESULTS

Eighty seven children had a Varicella Zoster virus infections, 73 (84%) had varicella, 8 (9%) had herpes zoster and 6 (7%) had varicella and herpes zoster. Ninety four percent acquired the infection during antineoplastic treatment and 78% received Acyclovir as antiviral therapy. During a nosocomial outbreak of varicella, three patients with an Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia died in the initial phase of chemotherapy, in spite of an early administration of Acyclovir. No patient with herpes zoster died.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of varicella was higher in children with leukemia or lymphoma than in children with other types of cancer. Virus reactivation was uncommon and had a benign course. Varicella mortality in these children could be favorably modified through an active immunization of immunocompetent children.