Bolender Hans, Bessone Loredana, Schoen Andreas, Stevenin Herve
Astronaut Training Division, European Astronaut Centre (EAC), Cologne, Germany.
ESA Bull. 2002 Nov;112:50-5.
After several years of planning and preparation, ESA's ISS training programme has become operational. Between 26 August and 6 September, the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) near Cologne gave the first ESA advanced training course for an international ISS astronaut class. The ten astronauts who took part--two from NASA, four from Japan and four from ESA--had begun their advanced training programme back in 2001 with sessions at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston and at the Japanese Training Centre in Tsukuba. During their stay in Cologne, the ten astronauts participated in a total of 33 classroom lessons and hands-on training sessions, which gave them a detailed overview of the systems and subsystems of the Columbus module, the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), and the related crew operations tasks. They were also introduced to the four ESA experiment facilities to be operated inside the Columbus module. After their first week of training at EAC, the astronauts were given the opportunity to see the flight model of the Columbus module being integrated at the site of ESA's ISS prime contractor, Astrium in Bremen. The second week of training at EAC included hands-on instruction on the Columbus Data Management System (DMS) using the recently installed Columbus Crew Training Facility. In preparation for the first advanced crew training session at EAC, two Training Readiness Reviews (TRR) were conducted there in June and August. These reviews were supported by training experts and astronauts from NASA, NASDA and CSA (Canada), who were introduced to ESA's advanced training concept and the development process, and then analysed and evaluated the training flow, content and instructional soundness of lessons and courses, as well as the fidelity of the training facilities and the skills of the ESA training instructors. The International Training Control Board (ITCB), made up of representatives from all of the ISS International Partners and mandated to control and coordinate all multilateral training for ISS crew and ground-support personnel, testified to ESA's readiness to provide Advanced Training by declaring the EAC TRR successful. The completion of this first training course was therefore a good opportunity for the Astronaut Training Division to assess the status of its training programme. The comments and recommendations of the training experts and the astronauts who took part have been carefully evaluated and the results are being fed back into the ongoing training development process.
经过数年的规划与筹备，欧洲航天局（ESA）的国际空间站（ISS）训练计划已开始实施。8月26日至9月6日期间，位于科隆附近的欧洲航天员中心（EAC）为一批国际空间站航天员举办了首个ESA高级训练课程。参与培训的十名航天员——两名来自美国国家航空航天局（NASA）、四名来自日本以及四名来自ESA——早在2001年就已在休斯敦的约翰逊航天中心（JSC）和筑波的日本训练中心开始了他们的高级训练计划。在科隆停留期间，这十名航天员总共参加了33节课堂教学和实际操作训练课程，这些课程让他们详细了解了哥伦布模块、自动转运飞行器（ATV）的系统及子系统，以及相关的乘员操作任务。他们还了解了将在哥伦布模块内运行的四个ESA实验设施。在EAC进行第一周的训练后，航天员们有机会参观了正在ESA国际空间站主承包商——不来梅的阿斯特里姆公司场地进行集成的哥伦布模块飞行模型。在EAC进行的第二周训练包括使用最近安装的哥伦布乘员训练设施对哥伦布数据管理系统（DMS）进行实际操作指导。为筹备在EAC举行的首次高级乘员训练课程，6月和8月在那里进行了两次训练准备审查（TRR）。这些审查得到了来自NASA、日本宇宙开发事业团（NASDA）和加拿大航天局（CSA）的训练专家和航天员的支持，他们了解了ESA的高级训练概念和开发过程，然后对训练流程、课程内容及教学合理性，以及训练设施的逼真度和ESA训练教员的技能进行了分析和评估。由国际空间站所有国际伙伴的代表组成、负责控制和协调国际空间站乘员及地面支持人员所有多边训练的国际训练控制委员会（ITCB），宣布EAC的TRR取得成功，证明了ESA提供高级训练的准备情况。因此，这首个训练课程的完成是航天员训练部门评估其训练计划状况的一个好机会。参与的训练专家和航天员的意见及建议已得到仔细评估，结果正反馈到正在进行的训练开发过程中。
