Sakai Katsuyuki
Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
Rev Neurosci. 2003;14(3):241-52. doi: 10.1515/revneuro.2003.14.3.241.
Memory retrieval is to bring the remembered information on-line or to reactivate the information. The critical determinant of memory retrieval mechanisms is whether the information has been maintained on-line or off-line, regardless of whether it is long-term memory or short-term, working memory. Similar reactivation processes occur during retrieval from long-term memory and from working memory when online maintenance has been interrupted. The reactivation is achieved by interactions between the posterior association areas, medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex. Posterior association areas maintain the representations of remembered information and are reactivated at retrieval. The medial temporal lobe is primarily involved in retrieval from off-line memory and triggers the reactivation by associating a whole set of features and episodes during encoding of the information. The prefrontal cortex is involved in retrieval from both on-line and off-line memory. It controls reactivation by setting up retrieval mode, starting retrieval attempt, and monitoring the contents of reactivated information. The prefrontal cortex also controls the selection of task-relevant information from information maintained on-line.
记忆提取是将记忆的信息呈现出来或重新激活该信息。记忆提取机制的关键决定因素是信息是在线还是离线保存的，无论它是长期记忆、短期记忆还是工作记忆。当在线保存被中断时，从长期记忆和工作记忆中提取信息的过程中会发生类似的重新激活过程。这种重新激活是通过后联合区、内侧颞叶和前额叶皮质之间的相互作用实现的。后联合区保存记忆信息的表征，并在提取时被重新激活。内侧颞叶主要参与离线记忆的提取，并在信息编码过程中通过关联一整套特征和情节来触发重新激活。前额叶皮质参与在线和离线记忆的提取。它通过设置提取模式、启动提取尝试和监控重新激活信息的内容来控制重新激活。前额叶皮质还控制从在线保存的信息中选择与任务相关的信息。
