Kohler Christian G, Turner Travis H, Bilker Warren B, Brensinger Colleen M, Siegel Steven J, Kanes Stephen J, Gur Raquel E, Gur Ruben C
Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Oct;160(10):1768-74. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.10.1768.
The authors used color photographs of emotional and neutral expressions to investigate recognition patterns of five universal emotions in schizophrenia.
Twenty-eight stable outpatients with schizophrenia (19 men and nine women) and 61 healthy subjects (29 men and 32 women) completed an emotion discrimination test that presented mild and extreme intensities of happy, sad, angry, fearful, disgusted, and neutral faces, balanced for gender and ethnicity. Analyses evaluated accuracy of identifying emotions as a function of intensity, diagnosis, and gender of poser and rater.
Patients performed worse than comparison subjects on recognition of all emotions and neutral faces combined, including mild and extreme expressions. For specific emotions, patients performed worse on recognition of fearful, disgusted, and neutral expressions. For all emotions except disgust, recognition of extreme intensity was better than recognition of mild intensity. However, patients showed less benefit from increased intensity for all emotions combined, and the difference was most pronounced for fear. Thus, patients were more impaired than healthy comparison subjects in identifying high-intensity expressions, even though this was an easier task than identifying low-intensity expressions. In the comparison of patterns of errors, patients and healthy subjects differed only in misattributions of neutral expressions; patients overattributed disgusted expressions and underattributed happy expressions.
Patients with schizophrenia were impaired in overall emotion recognition, particularly fear and disgust, and did not benefit from increased emotional intensity. Error patterns indicate that patients misidentified neutral cues as negatively valenced.
作者使用情绪和中性表情的彩色照片来研究精神分裂症患者对五种普遍情绪的识别模式。
28名病情稳定的精神分裂症门诊患者（19名男性和9名女性）和61名健康受试者（29名男性和32名女性）完成了一项情绪辨别测试，该测试呈现了快乐、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧、厌恶和中性表情的轻度和极端强度，在性别和种族方面保持平衡。分析评估了将情绪识别为表情强度、诊断以及表情者和评分者性别的函数的准确性。
在识别所有情绪和中性表情（包括轻度和极端表情）方面，患者的表现比对照组受试者差。对于特定情绪，患者在识别恐惧、厌恶和中性表情方面表现更差。对于除厌恶之外的所有情绪，识别极端强度的表情比识别轻度强度的表情更好。然而，表示所有情绪时，患者从强度增加中获得的益处较少，且这种差异在恐惧情绪中最为明显。因此，即使识别高强度表情比识别低强度表情更容易，但患者在识别高强度表情方面比健康对照组受试者受损更严重。在错误模式的比较中，患者和健康受试者仅在中性表情的错误归因上存在差异；患者过度归因厌恶表情，而对快乐表情归因不足。
精神分裂症患者在整体情绪识别方面受损，尤其是在恐惧和厌恶情绪上，且无法从情绪强度增加中获益。错误模式表明，患者将中性线索误识别为负性情绪。
