Leventhal Alex, Berlowitz Yitzhak, Chemtob Daniel
Public Health Services, Israeli Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
Harefuah. 2003 Sep;142(8-9):632-5, 644.
The immigration of workers from poor countries to Israel began in earnest in 1993, and by 2003 their number had reached 250,000, the majority without work permits. In this article we describe the evolution of the Israeli approach to providing health services to migrant workers, noting particularly the swings between exclusion and inclusion, ranging from providing only the most minimal services to providing a complete health services package. The National Insurance Institute was the first to provide benefits to documented migrant workers, mandating compensation benefits for those injured at work or in terrorist incidents. The health care sector provided an ever-increasing package of health benefits for documented migrant workers, culminating in the Foreign Workers Law of 2000 obligating employers to insure workers with a health package similar to that of Israeli citizens. The provision of health services to undocumented migrant workers and their families arose more gradually, but ultimately included the full range of mother and child preventive health services, school health services, provision of ambulatory medical care by volunteer physicians members of human rights organization, the possibility of enrolling their children at a reduced premium in Meuchedet Health Fund, free diagnostic and treatment services for tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases, free antiretroviral treatment of HIV-positive pregnant women, and, finally, the ability to obtain gas masks for a token deposit prior to the Iraq War of 2003
从贫穷国家向以色列的工人移民始于1993年，到2003年，他们的数量已达25万，其中大多数没有工作许可。在本文中，我们描述了以色列向移民工人提供医疗服务的方式的演变，特别指出了在排斥和包容之间的摇摆，从只提供最基本的服务到提供完整的医疗服务包。国家保险协会是第一个向有证件的移民工人提供福利的机构，规定对在工作中或恐怖事件中受伤的人给予补偿福利。医疗保健部门为有证件的移民工人提供了越来越多的健康福利，最终在2000年的《外国工人法》中规定雇主必须为工人购买与以色列公民类似的健康保险。向无证件移民工人及其家庭提供医疗服务的情况出现得较为缓慢，但最终包括了全方位的母婴预防保健服务、学校医疗服务、人权组织的志愿医生提供门诊医疗服务、其子女以较低保费加入梅切德特健康基金的可能性、免费的结核病和性传播疾病诊断及治疗服务、为艾滋病毒呈阳性的孕妇提供免费抗逆转录病毒治疗，以及最后在2003年伊拉克战争前以象征性押金获得防毒面具的能力。
