Grodstein Francine, Fretts Ruth, Lifford Karen, Resnick Neil, Curhan Gary
Channing Laboratory, the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Aug;189(2):428-34. doi: 10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00361-2.
The purpose of this study was to better understand associations among age, race, obstetric history, and urinary incontinence in women.
Race and obstetric history were assessed through the use of biennial mailed questionnaires from 1976 to 1996 among participants of the Nurses' Health Study. In 1996, 83,168 women aged 50 to 75 years reported their frequency of leaking urine and quantity leaked. We used logistic regression to calculate multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for the relation of risk factors to leaking urine.
Overall, 34.1% of the women reported leaking urine at least once per month during the previous 12 months; this prevalence was lowest in the black women (21.2%). After potential confounders were controlled, there were strong trends of increasing prevalence of occasional and frequent leaking with increasing age (P trend <.0001). There was also increasing prevalence of leaking urine with increasing parity; for example, compared with nulliparous women, the odds ratio for frequent leaking was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.55-1.90) among those with >/=5 births. Odds ratios that were associated with parity were higher in women aged <60 years than in women aged >/=60 years. Age at first birth of >35 years was associated with a slight elevation in frequent leaking compared with women with age at first birth from 21 to 25 years but was stronger for women with age at first birth of <21 years (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.42).
In these women, leaking urine is common; this condition is most prevalent in white women, in older women, in parous women, and in women with a younger age at first birth.
本研究旨在更好地了解女性年龄、种族、产科病史与尿失禁之间的关联。
1976年至1996年期间，通过向护士健康研究的参与者每两年邮寄一次问卷来评估种族和产科病史。1996年，83168名年龄在50至75岁之间的女性报告了她们漏尿的频率和漏尿量。我们使用逻辑回归来计算多变量调整后的优势比和95%可信区间，以评估危险因素与漏尿之间的关系。
总体而言，34.1%的女性报告在过去12个月中每月至少漏尿一次；这种患病率在黑人女性中最低（21.2%）。在控制了潜在的混杂因素后，偶尔和频繁漏尿的患病率有随年龄增加而上升的强烈趋势（P趋势<.0001）。随着产次增加，漏尿的患病率也在上升；例如，与未生育的女性相比，生育≥5次的女性频繁漏尿的优势比为1.72（95%可信区间，1.55 - 1.90）。与产次相关的优势比在年龄<60岁的女性中高于年龄≥60岁的女性。与首次生育年龄在21至25岁的女性相比，首次生育年龄>35岁的女性频繁漏尿略有增加，但首次生育年龄<21岁的女性更为明显（优势比，1.27；95%可信区间，1.13 - 1.42）。
在这些女性中，漏尿很常见；这种情况在白人女性、老年女性、经产妇以及首次生育年龄较小的女性中最为普遍。
