van der Wurff F B, Beekman A T, Comijs H C, Stek M L, Hoogendijk W J, Renes J W, Jonker C, Heeren T
Academische afdeling psychiatrie GGZ-Buitenamstel/Vumc, Valeriusplein 9, 1075 BG Amsterdam.
Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr. 2003 Aug;34(4):146-50.
Apathy is defined as a disorder of motivation that expresses itself at an emotional, cognitive and behavioural level. Apathy can occur as a symptom and a syndrome. In the recent years diagnostic criteria and a number of scales for measuring apathy in elderly with psychiatric or neurological disorders have been introduced. Two scales are specifically developed to measure apathy, the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) from Marin and the Apathy Scale (AS) from Starkstein. Both scales have been translated into Dutch. The AS is more convenient. The AS in addition can be used when applying the criteria for the apathy syndrome which has been introduced in 2001 by Starkstein. In addition, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the 'Gedragsobservatieschaal voor de Intramurale Psychogeniatrie' (GIP) (a scale in Dutch) have an apathy domain. Conceptual problems surrounding apathy have only partly been resolved. The criteria for the apathy syndrome can only be used for assessing the extent of the problem. Apathy and depression are strongly correlated. Studies show that apathy as a syndrome can occur without concomitant depression in the elderly, but regularly occurs besides a depressive disorder, in percentages varying between 9% and 53% of the population under study. Especially the varying validity of an apathy syndrome in relation to late life depression needs further clarification.
冷漠被定义为一种动机障碍，表现在情绪、认知和行为层面。冷漠既可以作为一种症状出现，也可以作为一种综合征出现。近年来，针对患有精神疾病或神经疾病的老年人，已经引入了诊断标准和一些测量冷漠的量表。专门开发了两个量表来测量冷漠，即马林的冷漠评估量表（AES）和斯塔克斯坦的冷漠量表（AS）。这两个量表都已被翻译成荷兰语。AS更方便使用。此外，在应用斯塔克斯坦于2001年引入的冷漠综合征标准时也可以使用AS。此外，神经精神科问卷（NPI）和“院内精神科行为观察量表”（GIP，一个荷兰语量表）都有一个冷漠领域。围绕冷漠的概念问题只是部分得到了解决。冷漠综合征的标准仅用于评估问题的严重程度。冷漠与抑郁密切相关。研究表明，冷漠作为一种综合征在老年人中可以在没有伴随抑郁的情况下出现，但经常在抑郁症之外出现，在所研究人群中的比例在9%至53%之间变化。特别是冷漠综合征相对于晚年抑郁症的不同有效性需要进一步阐明。
