Kameneva Marina V, Repko Brandon M, Krasik Ellen F, Perricelli Brett C, Borovetz Harvey S
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson St., Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA.
ASAIO J. 2003 Sep-Oct;49(5):537-42. doi: 10.1097/01.mat.0000084176.30221.cf.
Mechanical damage to blood cells is of considerable concern in the development and use of circulatory assist devices and other blood contacting systems. Furthermore, hemodilution with saline, dextran, and other plasma expanders applied during extracorporeal circulation and dialysis increases red blood cell (RBC) susceptibility to the high shear stresses associated with these procedures. In this paper, we present polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a potential erythrocyte protective agent against mechanically induced cellular trauma. Bovine RBCs were subjected to mechanical stress induced by rolling stainless steel shots through RBC suspensions for a constant exposure time. The suspensions were prepared at a hematocrit of 30% in various media: PEG (20,000 molecular weight), autologous bovine plasma, Dextran 40 solution, and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). RBC suspensions in Dextran 40 were prepared at a viscosity similar to the PEG suspensions. We found the hemolysis level of RBCs suspended in plasma and in PEG solutions to be several times lower (p < 0.001) than in the Dextran and PBS solutions. No statistically significant difference was found between the hemolysis that occurred in suspensions of RBCs in autologous plasma and in 2.0% PEG solutions. Even PEG concentration as low as 0.1% reduced hemolysis by more than 40% compared with PBS or the same concentration of Dextran in suspension medium. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of PEG molecules in reducing mechanical trauma to erythrocytes and suggest the potential for using PEG in assisted circulation, dialysis, and other procedures where RBCs are subjected to extensive mechanical stress.
在循环辅助装置及其他血液接触系统的研发与使用过程中，血细胞的机械损伤备受关注。此外，体外循环和透析过程中使用生理盐水、右旋糖酐及其他血浆扩容剂进行血液稀释，会增加红细胞（RBC）对与这些操作相关的高剪切应力的敏感性。在本文中，我们提出聚乙二醇（PEG）作为一种潜在的红细胞保护剂，可防止机械诱导的细胞损伤。通过在红细胞悬液中滚动不锈钢弹丸，在恒定暴露时间下对牛红细胞施加机械应力。在不同介质中以30%的血细胞比容制备悬液：PEG（分子量20,000）、自体牛血浆、右旋糖酐40溶液和磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）。以与PEG悬液相似的粘度制备右旋糖酐40中的红细胞悬液。我们发现，悬浮于血浆和PEG溶液中的红细胞溶血水平比在右旋糖酐和PBS溶液中低几倍（p < 0.001）。在自体血浆和2.0% PEG溶液中的红细胞悬液发生的溶血之间未发现统计学上的显著差异。与PBS或悬浮介质中相同浓度的右旋糖酐相比，即使PEG浓度低至0.1%也能使溶血减少40%以上。我们的数据证明了PEG分子在减少对红细胞的机械损伤方面的功效，并表明在辅助循环、透析及其他红细胞遭受广泛机械应力的操作中使用PEG的潜力。
