Grinfeld Pavel, Kojima Haruo
Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Phys Rev Lett. 2003 Sep 5;91(10):105301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.105301. Epub 2003 Sep 4.
The 2S electron bubble placed in liquid helium has been previously believed to be spherical. We show that the 2S bubble is morphologically unstable at pressures above -1.23 bars. The 2S state being known to be radially unstable at pressures below -1.33 bars, the result leaves only a very narrow pressure range in which it can be found in a spherical configuration. Our stability analysis indicates that the 2S bubble is unstable against perturbations proportional to any of the third spherical harmonics Y(3m). Our numerical simulations show that there exist nonspherical stable configurations, such as the ones Maris and Konstantinov predicted for the 1P, 1D, and 2P electron bubbles and confirmed experimentally for the 1P. We believe that the 2S bubbles can also be produced and that our prediction will yield itself to experimental verification.
之前人们认为置于液氦中的2S电子泡是球形的。我们发现，在压力高于 -1.23巴时，2S泡在形态上是不稳定的。已知2S态在压力低于 -1.33巴时径向不稳定，这一结果表明只有在非常狭窄的压力范围内它才能呈球形结构。我们的稳定性分析表明，2S泡对于与任何第三类球谐函数Y(3m)成比例的微扰是不稳定的。我们的数值模拟表明存在非球形的稳定构型，比如马里斯和康斯坦丁诺夫预测的1P、1D和2P电子泡的构型，并且1P的构型已得到实验证实。我们相信2S泡也能够产生，并且我们的预测将可通过实验验证。
