Buddeberg-Fischer Barbara
Abteilung Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsspital, Zürich, Schweiz.
Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch. 2003 Oct;43(4):231-7. doi: 10.1159/000072727.
Up to the mid 1990s, a 'feminization' of medicine took place that was especially pronounced in the field of gynecology. The present paper looks into the reasons for this change based on the literature and results from a study conducted by the author. In 2001, two thirds of the new qualifications in gynecology/obstetrics were awarded to women. The feminist movement has led to the emancipation of women and the assertion that women should be treated by female doctors only. Parallel to this development, gender roles also underwent a change: nowadays, the ideal woman or man is 'androgynous'. Young physicians are both highly instrumental and highly expressive. The increasing similarities between the sexes exert an influence on lifestyle and biographical planning. An increasing number of young physicians no longer prioritize their profession. Male physicians with high expressiveness are often family oriented and consciously refrain from choosing to specialize in gynecology/obstetrics because of the long hours and heavy workload. On the other hand, quite a few women physicians are more instrumental and prioritize their professional commitment. If more male physicians are not attracted into gynecology/obstetrics over the next few years, a process of 'horizontal segregation' could occur, with women physicians accomplishing the patient-focused work while their male colleagues take over the surgery and scientific part of the specialty. It is the very differences between the sexes, however, and the exchange between them, which allow a medical discipline to thrive.
直到20世纪90年代中期，医学领域出现了“女性化”现象，这在妇科领域尤为明显。本文基于文献以及作者所进行的一项研究结果，探究了这一变化的原因。2001年，妇科/产科新获得资格的人员中有三分之二是女性。女权运动促使女性获得解放，并主张女性应由女医生治疗。与此同时，性别角色也发生了变化：如今，理想的女性或男性是“雌雄同体”的。年轻医生既极具工具性又极具表现力。两性之间日益增加的相似性对生活方式和人生规划产生影响。越来越多的年轻医生不再将职业置于优先地位。具有高表现力的男医生通常以家庭为导向，由于工作时间长和工作量大，他们有意识地避免选择专攻妇科/产科。另一方面，相当多的女医生更具工具性，将职业投入置于优先地位。如果在未来几年没有吸引更多男医生进入妇科/产科，可能会出现“横向隔离”的过程，女医生从事以患者为中心的工作，而男同事则接管该专业的手术和科研部分。然而，正是两性之间的差异以及他们之间的交流，才使得一个医学学科得以蓬勃发展。
