Berretta Massimiliano, Cinelli Roberta, Martellotta Ferdinando, Spina Michele, Vaccher Emanuela, Tirelli Umberto
Division of Medical Oncology A, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Via Pedemontana Occ.Le 12, Aviano (PN) 33081, Italy.
Oncogene. 2003 Sep 29;22(42):6646-59. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206771.
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed dramatically the landscape of HIV disease. Deaths from AIDS-related diseases have been reduced by 75% since protease inhibitor therapy and combination antiretroviral therapy came into use in late 1995. While KS is declining, the situation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more complex with a reduced incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma, but a relatively stability in the number of patients developing systemic NHL. AIDS related NHL appears not to be markedly decreased by the introduction of HAART and it is the greatest therapeutic challenge in the area of AIDS oncology. The emphasis has now shifted to cure while maintaining vigilance regarding the unique vulnerability of HIV-infected hosts. Furthermore, also for the prolongation of the survival expectancy of these patients, other non AIDS-defining tumors, such as Hodgkin's disease, anal and head and neck, lung and testicular cancer, and melanoma have been recently reported with increased frequency in patients with HIV infection.
高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）的引入极大地改变了HIV疾病的局面。自1995年末蛋白酶抑制剂疗法和联合抗逆转录病毒疗法开始使用以来，与艾滋病相关疾病导致的死亡人数减少了75%。虽然卡波西肉瘤（KS）的发病率在下降，但非霍奇金淋巴瘤的情况更为复杂，原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的发病率降低，但发生系统性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的患者数量相对稳定。HAART的引入似乎并未使与艾滋病相关的NHL显著减少，这是艾滋病肿瘤学领域最大的治疗挑战。现在重点已转向治愈，同时对HIV感染宿主的独特易感性保持警惕。此外，为了延长这些患者的预期寿命，最近有报道称，HIV感染患者中其他非艾滋病定义性肿瘤，如霍奇金病、肛门癌、头颈癌、肺癌、睾丸癌和黑色素瘤的发病率有所增加。
