Becker Heather, Roberts Greg, Voelmeck Wayne
University of Texas, Austin School of Nursing, USA.
West J Nurs Res. 2003 Oct;25(6):746-55. doi: 10.1177/0193945903253002.
A true experimental design with random assignment to groups protects against false causal inferences that could be made when both the treatment and control groups change because of factors such as testing effects, reactivity, contamination, maturation, history, and other measurement effects. The occurrence of these phenomena, however, provides interesting information about factors affecting health care attitudes, knowledge, and behavior change, which can interfere with a nursing study's ability to demonstrate an experimental effect. In this article, we discuss these design threats, illustrate them with examples from recent health research, and suggest strategies for decreasing them in clinical nursing studies.
真正的实验设计，即随机分组，可防止因测试效应、反应性、污染、成熟度、历史因素及其他测量效应等因素导致治疗组和对照组均发生变化时做出错误的因果推断。然而，这些现象的出现提供了有关影响医疗保健态度、知识和行为改变的因素的有趣信息，这些因素可能会干扰护理研究证明实验效果的能力。在本文中，我们将讨论这些设计威胁，通过近期健康研究的实例进行说明，并提出在临床护理研究中减少这些威胁的策略。
