Zamparo David, Brooks Daniel R, Causey Douglas
Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada.
J Parasitol. 2003 Aug;89(4):819-22. doi: 10.1645/GE-3100.
We propose Tinamutrema as a new genus for Brachylaima centrodes (Braun, 1901) Dollfus, 1935 and for T. canoae, as a new species inhabiting tinamus in the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Specimens from Costa Rica resemble B. centrodes in having an elongate body, pretesticular genital pore and terminal genitalia, intercecal uterine loops occupying all available space between the anterior testis and the intestinal bifurcation, an oral sucker width:pharynx width ratio of approximately 1:0.55, an oral sucker:ventral sucker width ratio of approximately 1:1, and vitelline follicles extending into the forebody closer to the pharynx than to the anterior margin of the ventral sucker and by living in the cloaca. They differ from B. centrodes in having vitelline follicles that do not extend as far anteriorly as those in B. centrodes, which extend anteriorly to the level of the anteriormost extent of the cecal "shoulders," dense tegumental spination as opposed to sparse or no spination, relatively smaller cirrus with fewer spines, longer and more sinous pars prostatica, and forebody averaging 36% of total body length (TBL) as opposed to 42% TBL. Both species differ from other members of the Brachylaimidae in possessing a spinose cirrus and a cirrus sac containing both the cirrus and the pars prostatica. Preliminary phylogenetic assessment suggests that these traits are plesiomorphic, and thus the species are basal to the rest of the Brachylaimidae, whose diagnosis we emend accordingly.
我们提议将Tinamutrema作为Brachylaima centrodes（Braun，1901年）Dollfus，1935年的新属，并将T. canoae作为一种新物种，它栖息于哥斯达黎加瓜纳卡斯特保护区的穴小鸮体内。来自哥斯达黎加的标本与B. centrodes相似，具有细长的身体、睾丸前生殖孔和末端生殖器，盲肠间子宫袢占据前睾丸和肠分叉之间的所有可用空间，口吸盘宽度与咽宽度之比约为1:0.55；口吸盘与腹吸盘宽度之比约为1:1，以及卵黄滤泡延伸到身体前部，更靠近咽而非腹吸盘前缘，并寄生于泄殖腔内。它们与B. centrodes的不同之处在于，卵黄滤泡向前延伸的距离不如B. centrodes，B. centrodes向前延伸至盲肠“肩部”最前端的水平；体表有密集的棘，而非稀疏或无棘；阴茎相对较小，棘较少；前列腺部更长且更弯曲；身体前部平均占体长（TBL）的36%，而B. centrodes为42% TBL。这两个物种与短咽科的其他成员的不同之处在于，它们具有带刺的阴茎和一个同时包含阴茎和前列腺部的阴茎囊。初步系统发育评估表明，这些特征是近祖性状，因此这些物种是短咽科其他成员的基部类群，我们据此对短咽科的诊断进行了修订。
