Proctor R W, Lu C H, Van Zandt T
Psychology Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1364.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 1992 Oct;81(1):53-74. doi: 10.1016/0001-6918(92)90011-2.
When stimuli are presented to the left or right of fixation, and stimulus location is irrelevant, responses are faster if the stimulus location coincides with the location of the assigned response. This phenomenon is called the Simon effect. The present study examined the influence on the Simon effect of attentional precues that signaled the likely stimulus location and intentional precues that signaled the likely response. Experiment 1 was a close procedural replication of an experiment by Verfaellie, Bowers, and Heilman (1988); consistent with their findings, the Simon effect was enhanced by the intentional precue and unaffected by the attentional precue. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated the importance of the intentional precue with simpler procedures that involved only intentional and attentional precues, respectively. Finally, the intentional precuing enhancement of the Simon effect was obtained when two stimuli were assigned to each response, regardless of whether the hands were uncrossed (experiment 4) or crossed (experiment 5). Overall, the results indicate that response precuing enhances the Simon effect and favor response-selection accounts over those that attribute the effect to stimulus identification.
当刺激呈现于注视点的左侧或右侧，且刺激位置无关紧要时，如果刺激位置与指定反应的位置一致，反应会更快。这种现象被称为西蒙效应。本研究考察了指示可能刺激位置的注意线索和指示可能反应的意向线索对西蒙效应的影响。实验1是对Verfaellie、Bowers和Heilman（1988年）一项实验的紧密程序复制；与他们的研究结果一致，意向线索增强了西蒙效应，而注意线索未产生影响。实验2和实验3分别采用仅涉及意向线索和注意线索的更简单程序，证明了意向线索的重要性。最后，当每个反应分配两个刺激时，无论双手是不交叉（实验4）还是交叉（实验5），都获得了西蒙效应的意向线索增强。总体而言，结果表明反应预提示增强了西蒙效应，并且支持反应选择理论，而非将该效应归因于刺激识别的理论。
