ter Laak Jan, de Goede Martijn, Aleva Liesbeth, Brugman Gerard, van Leuven Miranda, Hussmann Judith
Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Adolescence. 2003 Summer;38(150):251-65.
The aim of this study was to gain greater insight into the relationship of delinquency to personality and social competence in incarcerated girls. It was hypothesized that agreeableness and conscientiousness would correlate negatively with delinquency, and that the sensation-seeking aspect of extroversion would correlate positively. Two theoretical views were used to predict the relationship between social competence and delinquency: (a) delinquency as an expression of lack of social competence (i.e., social deficit), and (b) delinquency as socially competent and rationally analyzed behavior. The first view implies a negative correlation between delinquency and social competence, while the second indicates a positive one. The participants were thirty-three 12- to 18-year-old incarcerated girls. An adaptation of the Self-Reported Delinquency Scale was used for measuring delinquency; personality was measured using the Five-Factor Personality Inventory; and the Scale for Interpersonal Behavior was used to measure social competence. Agreeableness was not found to correlate with the overall delinquency score or with any specific type of delinquency or crime. The more crimes the girls reported, the less conscientious they were, and the more neurotic and open they were. The correlation between delinquency and extroversion was not statistically significant. A higher level of delinquency was accompanied by higher social competence when negative self-assertion was required (i.e., a low level of tension was felt in expressing negative feelings that were appropriate to the situation). In other social situations, however, the girls reported more situation-inappropriate feelings of tension. It was concluded that some personality factors and aspects of social competence can predict delinquency.
本研究的目的是更深入地了解被监禁女孩的犯罪行为与人格及社会能力之间的关系。研究假设宜人性和尽责性与犯罪行为呈负相关，外向性的寻求刺激方面与犯罪行为呈正相关。运用两种理论观点来预测社会能力与犯罪行为之间的关系：（a）犯罪行为是社会能力欠缺的表现（即社会缺陷），以及（b）犯罪行为是具有社会能力且经过理性分析的行为。第一种观点意味着犯罪行为与社会能力之间呈负相关，而第二种观点则表明呈正相关。研究参与者为33名年龄在12至18岁的被监禁女孩。采用自我报告犯罪量表的一个改编版本来测量犯罪行为；使用五因素人格量表来测量人格；并使用人际行为量表来测量社会能力。研究发现宜人性与总体犯罪得分或任何特定类型的犯罪或罪行均无关联。女孩报告的犯罪行为越多，她们的尽责性越低，神经质和开放性越高。犯罪行为与外向性之间的相关性在统计学上不显著。当需要负面自我主张时（即在表达适合情境的负面情绪时感到较低水平的紧张），较高水平的犯罪行为伴随着较高的社会能力。然而，在其他社会情境中，女孩报告了更多与情境不相符的紧张情绪。研究得出结论，一些人格因素和社会能力方面可以预测犯罪行为。
