Taylor Shelley E, Lerner Jennifer S, Sherman David K, Sage Rebecca M, McDowell Nina K
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Oct;85(4):605-15. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.4.605.
Self-enhancement is variously portrayed as a positive illusion that can foster health and longevity or as defensive neuroticism that can have physiological-neuroendocrine costs. In a laboratory stress-challenge paradigm, the authors found that high self-enhancers had lower cardiovascular responses to stress, more rapid cardiovascular recovery, and lower baseline cortisol levels, consistent with the positive illusions predictions and counter to the predictions of the defensive neuroticism position. A second set of analyses, replicating the "illusory mental health paradigm" (J. Shedler, M. Mayman, & M. Manis, 1993), also did not support the defensive neuroticism hypothesis. The association between self-enhancement and cortisol was mediated by psychological resources; analyses of the cardiovascular results provided no definitive mediational pathway. Discussion centers on the potential stress-buffering effects of self-enhancing beliefs.
自我提升被以多种方式描绘，既被视为一种能促进健康和长寿的积极错觉，又被看作一种会产生生理 - 神经内分泌代价的防御性神经质。在一个实验室压力挑战范式中，作者发现高自我提升者对应激的心血管反应较低，心血管恢复更快，且基线皮质醇水平较低，这与积极错觉的预测一致，与防御性神经质观点的预测相反。第二组分析重复了“虚幻心理健康范式”（J. 谢德勒、M. 梅曼和M. 马尼什，1993年），也不支持防御性神经质假说。自我提升与皮质醇之间的关联由心理资源介导；对心血管结果的分析未提供明确的中介途径。讨论集中在自我提升信念潜在的压力缓冲作用上。
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