Lahti-Koski Marjaana, Valsta Liisa M, Alfthan Georg, Tapanainen Heli, Aro Antti
Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Mannerheimintie 166, 00300, Helsinki, Finland.
Eur J Nutr. 2003 Oct;42(5):287-92. doi: 10.1007/s00394-003-0425-3.
Enrichment of wheat flour with iron, which commenced in Finland in the mid-1970s, ceased in 1994. No data on iron status among adults have been published since 1993.
To assess the iron status, adequacy of iron intake and dietary sources of iron in Finnish adults.
A random sample of adults aged 25-64 years in the capital area of Finland was stratified for sex and 10-year age groups. Food consumption was measured with 24-h recall and a 38-item food frequency questionnaire. Iron status was evaluated by haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and other haematological variables from venous blood samples in both genders (n = 239 men and 190 women), and serum ferritin (SF) for women (n = 137).
The mean Hb concentration was 133+/-12 g/l and 137 +/- 10 g/l for women aged < 50 years and >/= 50 years, respectively, and 150 +/- 10 g/l for men. In younger women, the mean SF level was 32 +/- 30 micro g/l and 20% of women showed iron depletion (SF < 12 micro g/l),whereas in older women, the respective results were 62 +/- 59 micro g/l and 11 %. The prevalence of anaemia was 5.8 % for women (Hb < 120 g/l) and 1.3 % for men (Hb < 130 g/l). The respective mean intakes of iron were 10 mg/d and 13 mg/d. Cereals and meat were the major dietary sources of iron.
While iron status is fairly good among Finnish males, especially in younger women it is suboptimal,with iron intake failing to reach recommended levels. Food consumption was poorly associated with iron status.
芬兰于20世纪70年代中期开始在面粉中强化铁元素，该举措于1994年停止。自1993年以来，尚未发表有关成年人铁状况的数据。
评估芬兰成年人的铁状况、铁摄入量是否充足以及铁的膳食来源。
在芬兰首都地区随机抽取25至64岁的成年人样本，按性别和10岁年龄组进行分层。通过24小时回忆法和一份包含38个项目的食物频率问卷来测量食物摄入量。通过检测男女静脉血样本中的血红蛋白（Hb）浓度和其他血液学变量（男性n = 239，女性n = 190）以及女性的血清铁蛋白（SF）（n = 137）来评估铁状况。
年龄小于50岁和大于等于50岁的女性，其平均Hb浓度分别为133±12 g/l和137±10 g/l，男性为150±10 g/l。在年轻女性中，平均SF水平为32±30 μg/l，20%的女性表现出铁缺乏（SF < 12 μg/l），而在老年女性中，相应结果分别为62±59 μg/l和11%。女性贫血患病率为5.8%（Hb < 120 g/l），男性为1.3%（Hb < 130 g/l）。铁的平均摄入量分别为10 mg/天和13 mg/天。谷物和肉类是铁的主要膳食来源。
芬兰男性的铁状况相当良好，尤其是年轻女性的铁状况欠佳，铁摄入量未达到推荐水平。食物摄入量与铁状况的关联较弱。
