Lamb Simon, Davis Paul
Department of Earth Sciences, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PR, UK.
Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):792-7. doi: 10.1038/nature02049.
Causal links between the rise of a large mountain range and climate have often been considered to work in one direction, with significant uplift provoking climate change. Here we propose a mechanism by which Cenozoic climate change could have caused the rise of the Andes. Based on considerations of the force balance in the South American lithosphere, we suggest that the height of, and tectonics in, the Andes are strongly controlled both by shear stresses along the plate interface in the subduction zone and by buoyancy stress contrasts between the trench and highlands, and shear stresses in the subduction zone depend on the amount of subducted sediments. We propose that the dynamics of subduction and mountain-building in this region are controlled by the processes of erosion and sediment deposition, and ultimately climate. In central South America, climate-controlled sediment starvation would then cause high shear stress, focusing the plate boundary stresses that support the high Andes.
大型山脉隆起与气候之间的因果联系通常被认为是单向作用的，即显著的隆升引发气候变化。在此，我们提出一种机制，通过该机制新生代气候变化可能导致了安第斯山脉的隆起。基于对南美岩石圈力平衡的考虑，我们认为安第斯山脉的高度和构造受到俯冲带板块界面处的剪应力以及海沟与高地之间的浮力应力差异的强烈控制，并且俯冲带中的剪应力取决于俯冲沉积物的数量。我们提出该地区俯冲和造山的动力学受侵蚀和沉积物沉积过程控制，最终受气候控制。在南美洲中部，受气候控制的沉积物匮乏会导致高剪应力，从而集中支撑高安第斯山脉的板块边界应力。
