Rolland J B, Winton J R
Western Fisheries Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
J Fish Dis. 2003 Sep;26(9):511-20. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00473.x.
Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a major disease of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, caused by an orthomyxovirus (ISAV). Increases in global aquaculture and the international movement of fish made it important to determine if Pacific salmon are at risk. Steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and chum, O. keta, Chinook, O. tshawytscha, coho, O. kisutch, and Atlantic salmon were injected intraperitoneally with a high, medium, or low dose of a Norwegian strain of ISAV. In a second challenge, the same species, except chum salmon, were injected with a high dose of either a Canadian or the Norwegian strain. Average cumulative mortality of Atlantic salmon in trial 1 was 12% in the high dose group, 20% in the medium dose group and 16% in the low dose group. The average cumulative mortality of Atlantic salmon in trial 2 was 98%. No signs typical of ISA and no ISAV-related mortality occurred among any of the groups of Oncorhynchus spp. in either experiment, although ISAV was reisolated from some fish sampled at intervals post-challenge. The results indicate that while Oncorhynchus spp. are quite resistant to ISAV relative to Atlantic salmon, the potential for ISAV to adapt to Oncorhynchus spp. should not be ignored.
传染性鲑鱼贫血症（ISA）是大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）的一种主要疾病，由正粘病毒（ISAV）引起。全球水产养殖的增加以及鱼类的国际运输使得确定太平洋鲑鱼是否面临风险变得很重要。虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）、狗鲑（O. keta）、奇努克鲑（O. tshawytscha）、银鲑（O. kisutch）和大西洋鲑鱼被腹腔注射高、中、低剂量的挪威株ISAV。在第二次攻毒中，除狗鲑外的相同物种被注射高剂量的加拿大株或挪威株。试验1中，高剂量组大西洋鲑鱼的平均累积死亡率为12%，中剂量组为20%，低剂量组为16%。试验2中，大西洋鲑鱼的平均累积死亡率为98%。在任一实验中，Oncorhynchus属的任何组中均未出现典型的ISA症状，也未发生与ISAV相关的死亡，尽管在攻毒后不同时间点采集的一些鱼中重新分离出了ISAV。结果表明，虽然相对于大西洋鲑鱼，Oncorhynchus属对ISAV具有相当的抗性，但不应忽视ISAV适应Oncorhynchus属的可能性。
