Greenlund Kurt J, Neff Linda J, Zheng Zhi-Jie, Keenan Nora L, Giles Wayne H, Ayala Carma A, Croft Janet B, Mensah George A
Cardiovascular Health Branch, Div. of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2003 Nov;25(4):315-9. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00206-x.
A Healthy People 2010 objective includes increasing public awareness of the warning signs of stroke, yet few data exist about the level of awareness. Recognition of stroke symptoms and awareness of the need to call 911 for acute stroke events were examined among the general population.
Data are from 61,019 adults participating in the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based telephone survey. Respondents indicated whether the following were symptoms of stroke: confusion/trouble speaking; numbness/weakness of face, arm, or leg; trouble seeing; chest pain (false symptom); trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance; and severe headache with no known cause. Persons also reported the first action they would take if they thought someone was having a stroke.
Only 17.2% of respondents overall (5.9% to 21.7% by state) correctly classified all stroke symptoms and indicated that they would call 911 if they thought someone was having a stroke. Recognition of all symptoms and knowledge of when to call 911 were comparable by gender but lower among ethnic minorities, younger and older people, those with less education, and current smokers compared to whites, middle-aged people, those with more education, and nonsmokers, respectively. There were no substantive differences by history of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, or stroke.
Public recognition of major stroke symptoms is low. Educational campaigns to increase awareness among the general population and targeted messages to those at high-risk persons and their families may help to improve time to treatment for adults suffering acute strokes.
《健康人民2010》的一个目标是提高公众对中风警示信号的认识，但关于认识水平的数据却很少。我们在普通人群中调查了对中风症状的识别以及对急性中风事件拨打911的必要性的认识。
数据来自61019名参与2001年行为危险因素监测系统的成年人，这是一项基于州的电话调查。受访者指出以下是否为中风症状：意识模糊/言语困难；面部、手臂或腿部麻木/无力；视力问题；胸痛（错误症状）；行走困难、头晕或失去平衡；以及原因不明的严重头痛。人们还报告了如果他们认为有人中风会采取的首要行动。
总体上只有17.2%的受访者（各州为5.9%至21.7%）正确识别了所有中风症状，并表示如果他们认为有人中风会拨打911。对所有症状的识别以及何时拨打911的知识在性别上相当，但在少数族裔、年轻人和老年人、受教育程度较低者以及当前吸烟者中分别低于白人、中年人、受教育程度较高者和不吸烟者。在高血压、糖尿病、心脏病或中风病史方面没有实质性差异。
公众对主要中风症状的认识较低。开展提高普通人群认识的教育活动以及针对高危人群及其家庭的针对性信息可能有助于改善成年急性中风患者的治疗时机。
