Retinal and optic nerve diseases.

Basic knowledge of the normal appearance and variations of the equine fundus coupled with frequent practice in ophthalmology will allow equine practitioners to be confident when assessing the equine fundus during ophthalmic examinations. Once the normal variations are mastered, appreciation of retinal, choroidal, optic nerve, and vitreal abnormalities is possible. Congenital and acquired lesions of the equine retina, optic nerve, and vitreous are discussed and illustrated.