El-Haddad Mostafa A, Ismail Yaser, Guerra Catalina, Day Linda, Ross Michael G
Perinatal Research Laboratories, Harbor/UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Torrance 90502, USA.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Oct;189(4):949-52. doi: 10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00840-8.
In adults, nutrient intake is controlled by opposing actions of appetite stimulants (eg, neuropeptide Y [NPY]) and suppressors (eg, leptin). Because NPY may exert a preferential role in mediating adult carbohydrate intake, we sought to determine the effect of central NPY on near-term fetal carbohydrate ingestion.
Five pregnant ewes and fetuses were prepared with fetal vascular, sublingual, and intracerebroventricular catheters, electrocorticogram, and esophageal electromyogram electrodes and studied at 131+/-2 days' gestation. After a 2-hour baseline period, 10% sucrose was infused sublingually for the duration of the study. At 4 hours' time, NPY was injected into the fetal cerebral ventricles and fetal swallowing monitored for an additional 6 hours.
During the basal period, mean (+/-SEM) swallowing averaged 0.8+/-0.1 swallows per minute. Fetal swallowing increased significantly in response to sublingual sucrose (1.3+/-0.1 swallows/min, P=.001), and further significantly increased at 4 to 6 hours after NPY injection into the cerebral ventricles (1.8+/-0.3, P=.001).
These results indicate central NPY stimulation of fetal ingestion beyond that resulting from sublingual 10% sucrose. The in utero development of NPY-induced ingestive behavior may be in preparation for high neonatal caloric intake.
在成年人中，营养物质的摄入受食欲刺激物（如神经肽Y [NPY]）和抑制物（如瘦素）的拮抗作用控制。由于NPY可能在介导成年人碳水化合物摄入方面发挥优先作用，我们试图确定中枢NPY对近期胎儿碳水化合物摄取的影响。
对5只怀孕母羊及其胎儿进行准备，植入胎儿血管、舌下和脑室内导管、脑电图电极和食管肌电图电极，并在妊娠131±2天时进行研究。在2小时的基线期后，在研究期间舌下输注10%的蔗糖。在4小时时，将NPY注入胎儿脑室，并在接下来的6小时内监测胎儿吞咽情况。
在基础期，平均（±SEM）吞咽频率为每分钟0.8±0.1次。胎儿对舌下蔗糖的反应是吞咽显著增加（1.3±0.1次/分钟，P = .001），在向脑室注射NPY后的4至6小时进一步显著增加（1.8±0.3，P = .001）。
这些结果表明，中枢NPY对胎儿摄取的刺激作用超过了舌下10%蔗糖所引起的作用。NPY诱导的摄食行为在子宫内的发育可能是为新生儿高能量摄入做准备。
