Riobó P, Fernández Bobadilla B, Kozarcewski M, Fernández Moya J M
Unidad de Nutrición, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España.
Nutr Hosp. 2003 Sep-Oct;18(5):233-7.
Obesity has become an important problem of public health in all developed countries. It has slightly different connotations in women because, apart from its greater prevalence, low socio-economic level is a risk factor solely for women. As well as a cardiovascular risk factor in women, it is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, cancer of the endometrium, ovarian polycystosis and infertility. Weight control in women has a large aesthetic motivation and eating has considerable emotional components. On the other hand, women consume more drugs (contraceptives, painkillers, migraine treatments, anxiolytics, anti-depressants) which seem to favour obesity. The role played in the pathogenesis of obesity by cyclical hormonal changes, pregnancy, the consumption of oral contraceptives and the menopause remains to be clarified. The effect of replacement hormone therapy as a cause of weight gain is doubtful.
肥胖已成为所有发达国家的一个重要公共卫生问题。在女性中，肥胖有着略有不同的内涵，因为除了其更高的患病率外，社会经济水平低仅是女性的一个风险因素。肥胖在女性中不仅是心血管疾病的风险因素，还与乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢多囊症及不孕症的风险增加有关。女性控制体重有很大一部分出于审美动机，而且饮食具有相当大的情感成分。另一方面，女性服用更多药物（避孕药、止痛药、偏头痛治疗药、抗焦虑药、抗抑郁药），这些药物似乎会助长肥胖。周期性激素变化、怀孕、口服避孕药的使用及绝经在肥胖发病机制中所起的作用仍有待阐明。激素替代疗法作为体重增加原因的影响尚不确定。
