Okech Bernard A, Gouagna Louis C, Killeen Gerard F, Knols Bart G J, Kabiru Ephantus W, Beier John C, Yan Guiyan, Githure John I
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya.
J Med Entomol. 2003 Sep;40(5):657-63. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585-40.5.657.
The influence of indoor microclimate on survival of female Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles (Diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes fed on different nutrition sources was evaluated in a semifield experimental hut exposed to ambient climate in western Kenya. Cages of mosquitoes (n approximately 50 per cage) were placed in nine positions within the hut combining three different sides and three different heights. At each height and side, mosquitoes were offered either human blood (once every 2 d), glucose (6% wt:vol) or a combination of the two diets over three experiments so that each cage position received one diet source. The effect of diet on survival was significant with mean survival times of 14 d for mosquitoes fed blood alone, 29 d for sugar alone and 33 d for blood plus sugar. Sugar availability decreased the odds of mortality approximately 85% compared with the blood group. Micro heterogeneities of temperature but not relative humidity also influenced survival although to a much lesser extent. The side but not height within the hut at which mosquitoes were placed, influenced survival but could not be explained by either temperature or relative humidity differences. The potential influence of seemingly minor heterogeneities of indoor microclimate upon vector longevity and vectorial capacity may merit further investigation. Also, the availability of sugar was shown to be a potentially crucial determinant of vectorial capacity. Compared with blood alone, the availability of sugar served to increase survival potential of vectors beyond ages at which they are old enough to transmit malaria.
在肯尼亚西部一个暴露于环境气候的半野外实验小屋中，评估了室内小气候对以不同营养源为食的冈比亚按蚊（双翅目：蚊科）雌蚊存活的影响。将蚊笼（每个笼子约50只蚊子）放置在小屋内九个位置，这些位置结合了三个不同的侧面和三个不同的高度。在每个高度和侧面，在三个实验中为蚊子提供人血（每2天一次）、葡萄糖（6%重量/体积）或两种食物的组合，以便每个笼子位置接受一种食物来源。食物对存活的影响显著，仅喂食血液的蚊子平均存活时间为14天，仅喂食糖的为29天，喂食血液加糖水的为33天。与仅喂食血液的组相比，糖的供应使死亡几率降低了约85%。温度的微小异质性而非相对湿度也影响了存活，尽管程度要小得多。蚊子放置在小屋内的侧面而非高度影响存活，但无法用温度或相对湿度差异来解释。室内小气候看似微小的异质性对病媒寿命和传播能力的潜在影响可能值得进一步研究。此外，糖的供应被证明是传播能力的一个潜在关键决定因素。与仅喂食血液相比，糖的供应增加了病媒的存活潜力，使其超过了足以传播疟疾的年龄。
