Işcan Mehmet Yaşar, Kedici P Sema
Adli Tip Enstitüsü, Istanbul Universitesi, PK 10, Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
Forensic Sci Int. 2003 Nov 26;137(2-3):160-4. doi: 10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00349-9.
Sexual differences in the human skeleton have been well studied in many populations. Odontometric analysis of the human sexual variation has been less investigated and mostly derived from the dentition of extinct populations. Turkey is situated in a unique location where populations from different regions mixed with each other and created a rich gene pool. One might anticipate that modern Turkish population is composed of genes from the Balkans, Caucasus, Middle East, Iran and further as well as from ancient Romans, Byzantines, Arabs and Asiatic Turks. It is clear that contemporary Turks are a mixture of these extant and extinct people and ideal to consider it a representative study population. The purpose of this study is to analyze dental dimensions and sexual variation in living Turks and develop forensic techniques to identify human remains from the teeth when any other technique is not available or not reliable. The study is composed of Ankara University dental students (50 male and 50 female casts, average age of 21 years). Bucco-lingual breadths from 14 teeth (I1 through M2 of the maxilla and mandible) are taken from the left side and analyzed using the discriminant function statistics. An intraobserver error test did not indicate any statistically significant difference between any two measurements. Results of the study revealed that males exceeded females significantly (P<0.001) in dimensions. Coefficient of variation was most obvious in I1s and I2s of both jaws in both sexes. Stepwise discriminant function statistics suggested that upper C, and lower C and M2 are the most contributory teeth to the function. Additional formulae were calculated for situation in which only one or a fragmented jaw is available for identification. Overall accuracy of sex diagnosis ranged from 73 to 77%. In conclusion this research supports earlier studies that sexual dimorphism is population specific. While dental difference between the sexes in several human populations has been found highly dimorphic, it was not found so in Turks and accuracy of classification remained low at about 77%. The difficulty or the lack of dimorphism comes from male subjects.
人类骨骼的性别差异在许多人群中都得到了充分研究。对人类性别差异的牙测量分析研究较少，且大多源自已灭绝人群的牙列。土耳其地理位置独特，不同地区的人群相互融合，形成了丰富的基因库。人们可能会预期现代土耳其人口是由来自巴尔干半岛、高加索地区、中东、伊朗及更远地区的基因，以及古罗马人、拜占庭人、阿拉伯人和亚洲突厥人的基因组成。显然，当代土耳其人是这些现存和已灭绝人群的混合体，是进行代表性研究的理想群体。本研究的目的是分析在世土耳其人的牙齿尺寸和性别差异，并开发法医技术，以便在其他技术不可用或不可靠时，能从牙齿识别出人类遗骸。该研究由安卡拉大学的牙科学生组成（50名男性和50名女性牙模，平均年龄21岁）。从左侧获取上颌和下颌14颗牙齿（从I1到M2）的颊舌宽度，并使用判别函数统计进行分析。观察者内误差测试表明，任意两次测量之间均无统计学上的显著差异。研究结果显示，男性在尺寸上显著超过女性（P<0.001）。变异系数在两性的上下颌I1和I2中最为明显。逐步判别函数统计表明，上颌C、下颌C和M2对该函数贡献最大。针对仅有一侧或破碎颌骨可供识别的情况，还计算了额外的公式。性别诊断的总体准确率在73%至77%之间。总之，本研究支持了早期的研究，即性别二态性具有人群特异性。虽然在几个人类群体中发现两性之间的牙齿差异具有高度二态性，但在土耳其人中并非如此，分类准确率约为77%，仍然较低。这种差异的困难或缺乏来自男性受试者。
