Schneider Stephan Q, Bowerman Bruce
Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
Annu Rev Genet. 2003;37:221-49. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.142443.
The anterior-posterior axis of the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote forms shortly after fertilization when the sperm pronucleus and its associated centrosomal asters provide a cue that establishes the anterior-posterior (AP) body axis. In response to this cue, the microfilament cytoskeleton polarizes the distribution of a group of widely conserved, cortically localized regulators called the PAR proteins, which are required for the first mitotic division to be asymmetric. These asymmetries include a posterior displacement of the first mitotic spindle and the differential segregation of cell-fate determinants to the anterior and posterior daughters produced by the first cleavage of the zygote. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that polarize the one-cell zygote to generate an AP axis of asymmetry.
秀丽隐杆线虫受精卵的前后轴在受精后不久形成，此时精子原核及其相关的中心体星状体提供了一个线索，确立了前后（AP）身体轴。作为对这一线索的响应，微丝细胞骨架使一组广泛保守的、皮质定位的调节因子（称为PAR蛋白）的分布极化，而第一次有丝分裂不对称进行需要这些调节因子。这些不对称包括第一次有丝分裂纺锤体向后移位，以及细胞命运决定因子向受精卵第一次分裂产生的前、后子代细胞的差异分离。在这里，我们综述了在理解使单细胞受精卵极化以产生不对称AP轴的机制方面的最新进展。
