Cox M, Scott A
Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, London, England.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1992 Dec;89(4):431-40. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330890404.
The excavations at Christ Church, Spitalfields (1984-86) produced a sample of 968 human skeletons which were interred between 1729 and 1859. Of these, 387 were recovered in association with coffin plates stating name, age at death, and date of death. There are 138 adult females in the named sample and the obstetric histories of 94 have been reconstructed from historical documentation. Such variables as birth spacing, number of children, and age at first and last births are known for the majority of this sample. Any individual about whose history there is any doubt has been excluded from the analysis. A middle-class group, they were largely of high nutritional status and, by the standards of the day, lived in sanitary and comfortable conditions. Both males and females have a mean age at death of 56 years. The presence or absence, the typology, the severity, the width and the length of the preauricular sulcus, the presence or absence and the number of pits on the dorsal aspect of the pubic body, sulci along the anterior sacrum adjacent to the auricular facet, and the extension of the pubic tubercle were evaluated in relation to the obstetric histories of these females. Statistical analysis has demonstrated a relationship between the presence of pubic tubercle extension and parity status and between the degree of extension and the number of children borne (P < .02). Statistically there is no significant relationship (P > .05) between either the preauricular sulcus or pubic pitting and parity status. Sacral scarring is significantly associated (P < .05) with parity status, but as it was evident in only eight females it has little practical application. Sample sizes are small, and it must be considered that statistical evaluation of larger samples might detect associations between variables not demonstrated here. There is no significant relationship between any of the cortical variants under consideration and age at death.
1984年至1986年期间，在斯皮塔菲尔德的基督教堂进行的发掘工作出土了968具人类骨骼样本，这些骨骼埋葬于1729年至1859年之间。其中，387具骨骼与棺材板一同出土，棺材板上标明了姓名、死亡年龄和死亡日期。在有姓名记录的样本中，有138名成年女性，其中94名女性的产科病史已根据历史文献重建。该样本中的大多数人都已知晓诸如生育间隔、子女数量以及首次和末次生育年龄等变量。任何病史存在疑问的个体均被排除在分析之外。作为中产阶级群体，他们大多营养状况良好，按照当时的标准，生活在卫生舒适的环境中。男性和女性的平均死亡年龄均为56岁。针对这些女性的产科病史，评估了耳前沟的有无、类型、严重程度、宽度和长度，耻骨体背侧的凹坑有无及数量，骶骨前部靠近耳状关节面处的沟，以及耻骨结节的延伸情况。统计分析表明，耻骨结节延伸的存在与产次状态之间以及延伸程度与生育子女数量之间存在关联（P < 0.02）。从统计学角度来看，耳前沟或耻骨凹坑与产次状态之间均无显著关联（P > 0.05）。骶骨瘢痕与产次状态显著相关（P < 0.05），但由于仅在8名女性中明显，实际应用价值不大。样本量较小，必须考虑到对更大样本进行统计评估可能会发现此处未显示的变量之间的关联。所考虑的任何皮质变异与死亡年龄之间均无显著关联。
