John Ulrich, Meyer Christian, Rumpf Hans-Jürgen, Schumann Anja, Thyrian Jochen René, Hapke Ulfert
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2003 Nov-Dec;38(6):606-12. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agg122.
Little is known about the relationship between current and past smoking behaviour and the severity of alcohol dependence. The purpose was to explore the strength of this relationship.
A random population sample of 18 to 64 year-olds from northern Germany was used (n = 4075; participation rate: 70%). It included 761 cigarette smokers fulfilling at least one alcohol-dependence criterion. The severity of alcohol dependence according to the alcohol-dependence syndrome criteria frequency (ASF) was estimated by a standardized questionnaire based on diagnostic instruments of the alcohol dependence syndrome and which included five response categories, from 'never' to 'daily'. Nicotine dependence was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). As a second measure, the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used.
The number of cigarettes and years of daily smoking, nicotine dependence, and the number of nicotine dependence symptoms each showed a relationship with the ASF. Effect size (w) were 0.17-0.21 for chi-squared (chi(2)) tests. In a general linear regression model with the ASF as the dependent variable (R(2) = 0.17), number of years of daily smoking, age at onset of smoking, number of attempts to reduce or quit, the number of nicotine-dependence symptoms according to DSM-IV and the FTND sum score were retained as independent variables.
Long-term smoking, a large number of nicotine-dependence symptoms according to DSM and a strong urge to smoke according to the FTND are related with a high ASF.
目前对于当前及过去吸烟行为与酒精依赖严重程度之间的关系知之甚少。本研究旨在探究这种关系的强度。
采用来自德国北部18至64岁的随机人群样本（n = 4075；参与率：70%）。其中包括761名符合至少一项酒精依赖标准的吸烟者。根据酒精依赖综合征标准频率（ASF）评估酒精依赖的严重程度，使用基于酒精依赖综合征诊断工具的标准化问卷，该问卷包括从“从不”到“每天”的五个反应类别。根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM-IV），采用复合国际诊断访谈（CIDI）诊断尼古丁依赖。作为第二项测量指标，使用了尼古丁依赖的Fagerström测试（FTND）。
吸烟量、每日吸烟年数、尼古丁依赖以及尼古丁依赖症状数量均与ASF呈相关性。卡方检验的效应量（w）为0.17 - 0.21。在以ASF为因变量的一般线性回归模型中（R² = 0.17），每日吸烟年数、开始吸烟年龄、减少或戒烟尝试次数、根据DSM-IV的尼古丁依赖症状数量以及FTND总分被保留为自变量。
长期吸烟、根据DSM有大量尼古丁依赖症状以及根据FTND有强烈吸烟冲动与高ASF相关。
