Shephard Aaron, Dölek Şimal, Barrett Sean P
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Feb 23;14:1110415. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1110415. eCollection 2023.
The three most used substances-alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine-are frequently concurrently. Use of each substance has been connected to an increased probability of use of the other substances, and the problematic use of each substance has been linked to demographic factors, substance use factors, and personality. However, little is known about which risk factors are most important for consumers of all three substances. This study examined the extent to which various factors are associated with dependence on alcohol, cannabis, and/or nicotine in users of all three substances.
516 Canadian adults with past month use of alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine completed online surveys querying their demographics, personality, substance use history, and levels substance dependence. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to determine which factors best predicted levels of dependence on each substance.
Alcohol dependence was associated with levels of cannabis and nicotine dependence, and impulsivity, with 44.9% of variance explained. Cannabis dependence was predicted by alcohol and nicotine dependence levels, impulsivity, and the age of onset of cannabis use, with 47.6% of variance explained. Nicotine dependence was best predicted by alcohol and cannabis dependence levels, impulsivity, and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, with 19.9% of variance explained.
Alcohol dependence, cannabis dependence, and impulsivity were the strongest predictors for dependence on each of the substances. A strong relationship between alcohol and cannabis dependence was evident, warranting further research.
三种最常用的物质——酒精、大麻和尼古丁——经常同时被使用。每种物质的使用都与使用其他物质的可能性增加有关，并且每种物质的问题性使用都与人口统计学因素、物质使用因素和个性有关。然而，对于所有这三种物质的使用者来说，哪些风险因素最为重要却知之甚少。本研究调查了各种因素与同时使用这三种物质的使用者对酒精、大麻和/或尼古丁的依赖程度之间的关联程度。
516名过去一个月内使用过酒精、大麻和尼古丁的加拿大成年人完成了在线调查，询问了他们的人口统计学信息、个性、物质使用史以及物质依赖水平。使用分层线性回归来确定哪些因素最能预测对每种物质的依赖水平。
酒精依赖与大麻和尼古丁依赖水平以及冲动性有关，可解释44.9%的方差。大麻依赖可由酒精和尼古丁依赖水平、冲动性以及大麻使用的起始年龄预测，可解释47.6%的方差。尼古丁依赖最好由酒精和大麻依赖水平、冲动性以及香烟和电子烟的同时使用来预测，可解释19.9%的方差。
酒精依赖、大麻依赖和冲动性是每种物质依赖的最强预测因素。酒精和大麻依赖之间的紧密关系很明显，值得进一步研究。
