Marqueste Tanguy, Alliez Jean-Roch, Alluin Olivier, Jammes Yves, Decherchi Patrick
Laboratoire des Déterminants Physiologiques de l'Activité Physique, Institut Fédératif de Recherches Etienne-Jules MAREY, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 May;96(5):1988-95. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00775.2003. Epub 2003 Nov 21.
Numerous studies have been devoted to the regeneration of the motor pathway toward a denervated muscle after nerve injury. However, the regeneration of sensory muscle endings after repair by self-anastomosis are little studied. In previous electrophysiological studies, our laboratory showed that the functional characteristics of tibialis anterior muscle afferents are differentially affected after injury and repair of the peroneal nerve with and without chronic electrostimulation. The present study focuses on the axonal regeneration of mechano- (fibers I and II) and metabosensitive (fibers III and IV) muscle afferents by evaluating the recovery of their response to different test agents after nerve injury and repair by self-anastomosis during 10 wk of treadmill running (LSR). Data were compared with control animals (C), animals with nerve lesion and suture (LS), and animals with lesion, suture, and chronic muscle rehabilitation by electrostimulation (LSE) with a biphasic current modulated in pulse duration and frequency, eliciting a pattern mimicking the activity delivered by the nerve to the muscle. Compared with the C group, results indicated that 1) muscle weight was smaller in LS and LSR groups, 2) the fatigue index was greater in the LS group and smaller in the LSE group, 3) metabosensibility remained altered in the LS and LSE groups, and 4) mechanosensitivity presented a large increase of the activation pattern in the LS and LSE groups. Our data indicated that chronic muscle electrostimulation partially favors the recovery of muscle properties (i.e., muscle weight and twitch response were close to the C group) and that rehabilitation by treadmill running also efficiently induced a better functional muscle afferent recovery (i.e., the discharge pattern was similar to the C group). The effectiveness of the chronic electromyostimulation and the treadmill exercise on afferent recovery is discussed with regard to parameters listed above.
众多研究致力于神经损伤后运动通路向失神经肌肉的再生。然而，自体吻合修复后感觉肌末梢的再生却鲜有研究。在先前的电生理研究中，我们实验室表明，腓总神经损伤和修复后，无论有无慢性电刺激，胫前肌传入神经的功能特性都会受到不同程度的影响。本研究聚焦于机械性（I型和II型纤维）和代谢敏感性（III型和IV型纤维）肌传入神经的轴突再生，通过评估在10周跑步机跑步（低强度跑步，LSR）过程中神经损伤和自体吻合修复后它们对不同测试剂反应的恢复情况来进行研究。将数据与对照动物（C组）、有神经损伤和缝合的动物（LS组）以及有损伤、缝合且通过双相电流进行慢性肌肉康复电刺激（LSE组）的动物进行比较，该双相电流在脉冲持续时间和频率上进行调制，引发一种模仿神经向肌肉传递活动的模式。与C组相比，结果表明：1）LS组和LSR组的肌肉重量较小；2）LS组的疲劳指数较高，LSE组的疲劳指数较低；3）LS组和LSE组的代谢敏感性仍有改变；4）LS组和LSE组的机械敏感性在激活模式上有大幅增加。我们的数据表明，慢性肌肉电刺激部分有利于肌肉特性的恢复（即肌肉重量和抽搐反应接近C组），并且跑步机跑步康复也有效地诱导了更好的功能性肌传入神经恢复（即放电模式与C组相似）。针对上述参数，讨论了慢性肌电刺激和跑步机运动对传入神经恢复的有效性。
