Cede P, Bilkei G
Swine Ethology Studio, Raubbühlstrasse 4, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Theriogenology. 2004 Jan 1;61(1):185-94. doi: 10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00189-4.
The present study was conducted in a large Croatian "built up unit". The objective of the study was to determine if an indoor modified eros centre (MEC) compared to indoor or outdoor group housing of gilts, influenced the onset of puberty of gilts and the reproductive performance of the evaluated females (n = 783) over four parities. The gilts were from the same nucleus herd. Gilts of same age (140-150 days of age), body condition (body condition score of 3-4) and similar genetics (four-way cross females), during the same season (January to April 1999), were randomly divided at arrival into three groups and treated as follows:MEC gilts (n = 279): These were placed into indoor MEC pens in groups of 8-10. The gilts had continuous fenceline contact to boars (one boar to two groups of gilts, boars were changed daily) and to shortly weaned oestrous sows. Gilts were regrouped and dislocated at 10-day intervals. Outdoor gilts (n = 263): These were kept in groups of 8-10 on a large pasture (80-100 m2 per group). The animals had fenceline contact to mature boar for 5-10 min daily. Control indoor gilts (n = 241): These were housed indoors in large pens in groups of 8-10. The animals had fenceline contact to mature boars for 5-10 min daily. Each outdoor group had an insulated hut with straw bedding. All gilts were fed ad libitum with the same commercial diet. Housing gilts in MEC resulted in earlier (P < 0.001) onset of estrus (MEC: 174.8 +/- 2.4 days, indoor group housing: 207.6 +/- 4.1 days, outdoor group housing: 187.4 +/- 2.1 days) and lower (P < 0.001) farrowing rate to first service (MEC: 70.97%, indoor group housing: 89.73%, outdoor group housing: 89.62%). Farrowing rate of regularly returning MEC gilts to second service was 95.00%. First total-born litter size, first liveborn litter size, first wean-to-estrus interval (WEI), percent of sows bred after first weaning, second total-born litter size, second liveborn litter size, average third and fourth total-born and liveborn litter size, number of sows having four litters, number of litters per sow, total number of pigs per sow, total number of liveborn pigs per sow showed no significant differences between the groups. More (P < 0.05) sows were culled in outdoor group. Compared to MEC and outdoor housing, indoor housed sows suffered higher (P < 0.05) percentage of anoestrus.
本研究在克罗地亚一个大型“建成区”进行。研究目的是确定与室内或室外群养后备母猪相比，室内改良催情中心（MEC）是否会影响后备母猪青春期的开始以及所评估母猪（n = 783）在四个胎次中的繁殖性能。这些后备母猪来自同一个核心猪群。在同一季节（1999年1月至4月），将年龄相同（140 - 150日龄）、体况相同（体况评分3 - 4）且遗传相似（四元杂交母猪）的后备母猪在到达时随机分为三组，并进行如下处理：
MEC组后备母猪（n = 279）：这些母猪以8 - 10头为一组放入室内MEC栏舍。后备母猪与公猪有持续的围栏接触（每头公猪对应两组后备母猪，公猪每天更换），并与刚断奶的发情母猪接触。后备母猪每隔10天重新分组并转移位置。
室外组后备母猪（n = 263）：这些母猪以8 - 10头为一组饲养在一个大牧场上（每组80 - 100平方米）。这些动物每天与成年公猪围栏接触5 - 10分钟。
室内对照组后备母猪（n = 241）：这些母猪以8 - 10头为一组饲养在室内大栏舍中。这些动物每天与成年公猪围栏接触5 - 10分钟。每个室外组都有一个铺有稻草垫料的保温棚。所有后备母猪都自由采食相同的商业日粮。
将后备母猪饲养在MEC中导致发情开始时间更早（P < 0.001）（MEC组：174.8 ± 2.4天，室内群养组：207.6 ± 4.1天，室外群养组：187.4 ± 2.1天），且首次配种的分娩率更低（P < 0.001）（MEC组：70.97%，室内群养组：89.73%，室外群养组：89.62%）。定期返回进行第二次配种的MEC组后备母猪的分娩率为95.00%。首次总产仔数、首次活产仔数、首次断奶至发情间隔（WEI）、首次断奶后配种的母猪百分比、第二次总产仔数、第二次活产仔数、第三次和第四次平均总产仔数及活产仔数、产四窝仔猪的母猪数量、每头母猪的产仔窝数、每头母猪的总仔猪数、每头母猪的总活产仔猪数在各组之间没有显著差异。室外组被淘汰的母猪更多（P < 0.05）。与MEC组和室外饲养相比，室内饲养的母猪出现乏情的百分比更高（P < 0.05）。
