1Department of Swine and Small Animal Breeding,Institute of Animal Sciences,University of Agriculture in Kraków,24/28 Mickiewicza Ave.,30-059 Cracow,Poland.
2Department of Biomedical Sciences,Ontario Veterinary College,University of Guelph,50 Stone Rd.,Guelph,ON,CanadaN1G 2W1.
Animal. 2018 Feb;12(2):303-311. doi: 10.1017/S1751731117001641. Epub 2017 Jul 19.
Azaperone treatment can control aggression and decrease stress due to weaning, re-grouping and hierarchical fighting of gilts and sows. However, the effects of this butyrophenone neuroleptic and sedative administered at weaning on pig reproductive function are poorly characterized. In this year-long study, a total of 619 cross-bred sows (Polish Large White×Polish Landrace) kept on a commercial farm received an i.m. injection of azaperone (Stresnil®; 2 mg/kg BW) just before weaning and were artificially inseminated during the ensuing estrus with 3×109 spermatozoa per dose of an inseminate; 1180 sows served as untreated controls. Immediately after weaning, the sows were moved to four pens of seven to nine animals each. A teaser boar was used twice daily to check for estrus and sows were bred at heat detection. Subsequently, all sows stayed in individual stalls until pregnancy testing on day 30 post-artificial insemination and were then re-grouped until farrowing. The proportion of pigs that were in estrus within 6 days post-weaning was significantly lower in azaperone-treated groups of animals than in controls (71.4% v. 84.2%). Overall, the azaperone-treated sows had a significantly longer weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI; 8.7±10.1 v. 6.3±8.1 days; mean±SD) and a significantly larger litter size (LS: 11.8±3.0 v.11.3±3.2; azaperone-treated v. control sows). Treatment of the winter-farrowing sows was associated with increased LS (12.8±2.6 and 11.3±3.1 piglets/sow, respectively; P<0.05) and longer (P<0.05) weaning-to-effective-service intervals (11.7±19.3 and 8.4±12.3 days, respectively) as well as farrowing intervals (155.7±19.7 and 152.2±16.1 days, respectively) compared with untreated controls. In the summer months, significantly longer WEIs (12.1±21.0 v. 8.4±16.9 days) were accompanied by a significant decline in LS only in azaperone-treated sows that were inseminated within 6 days post-weaning (10.8±2.9 v. 11.5±3.3 piglets/sow; azaperone-treated v. controls). Azaperone-treated second parity sows had greater LS (P<0.001) along with prolonged WEIs (P<0.05) in comparison to their respective controls, regardless of the timing of estrus. An application of azaperone at weaning increased the annual piglet productivity of winter-farrowing animals and of second parity sows but depressed it significantly in summer. The extra cost and labor due to delayed onset of estrus may cancel out any reproductive benefits of azaperone treatment.
阿扎哌隆治疗可以控制断奶、重新分组和等级斗争引起的攻击性和应激反应。然而，这种丁酰苯类神经安定药和镇静剂在断奶时对猪生殖功能的影响还没有很好的描述。在这项为期一年的研究中，共有 619 头杂交母猪（波兰大白×波兰兰德瑞斯）在商业农场饲养，在断奶前接受肌肉注射阿扎哌隆（Stresnil®；2mg/kgBW），随后在发情期间用每剂 3×109 个精子进行人工授精；1180 头母猪作为未处理的对照。断奶后，母猪立即被转移到四个每栏 7 到 9 头动物的栏中。每天使用一个挑逗公猪两次来检查发情情况，然后在发情时进行配种。随后，所有母猪在怀孕测试前（人工授精后 30 天）一直留在单独的畜栏中，然后重新分组直到分娩。与对照组相比，断奶后 6 天内发情的阿扎哌隆处理组动物比例明显较低（71.4%v.84.2%）。总的来说，阿扎哌隆处理的母猪断奶发情间隔（WEI；8.7±10.1v.6.3±8.1 天；平均值±SD）明显更长，窝产仔数（LS：11.8±3.0v.11.3±3.2；阿扎哌隆处理母猪 v. 对照母猪）也明显更大。对冬季分娩母猪的处理与增加 LS（12.8±2.6 和 11.3±3.1 头仔猪/母猪，分别；P<0.05）和更长的断奶有效服务间隔（11.7±19.3 和 8.4±12.3 天，分别）以及分娩间隔（155.7±19.7 和 152.2±16.1 天，分别）有关与未处理的对照组相比。在夏季，只有在断奶后 6 天内授精的阿扎哌隆处理母猪中，WEI 明显延长（12.1±21.0v.8.4±16.9 天），LS 显著下降（10.8±2.9v.11.5±3.3 头仔猪/母猪；阿扎哌隆处理母猪 v. 对照组）。与对照组相比，阿扎哌隆处理的第二胎母猪 LS 更大（P<0.001），WEI 更长（P<0.05），无论发情时间如何。断奶时使用阿扎哌隆增加了冬季分娩动物和第二胎母猪的年仔猪生产力，但在夏季显著降低了仔猪生产力。由于发情推迟而增加的额外成本和劳动力可能会抵消阿扎哌隆治疗的任何生殖益处。
