Van der Salm A L, Pavlidis M, Flik G, Wendelaar Bonga S E
Department of Organismal Animal Physiology, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2004 Jan 1;135(1):126-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2003.09.002.
The best known actions of the pleiotrope alpha-melanophore stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) are skin pigment regulation and corticotrope actions in the response to chronic stress. Stress-induced and enhanced release of alpha-MSH may therefore influence skin pigmentation and stress physiology simultaneously. The release of alpha-MSH is under multiple control by hypothalamic hormones and neurotransmitters. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), melanophore concentrating hormone (MCH), and dopamine (DA) have been tested in a superfusion set up for their potential to regulate alpha-MSH release from the pituitary gland of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, in vitro. The release of alpha-MSH was stimulated by TRH and CRH, and was inhibited by MCH and DA. During unstimulated (basal) release, mono-acetylated alpha-MSH was the dominant form. During superfusion with secretagogues, we found that independent of their inhibitory or stimulatory capacity, isoform frequency did not change. MSH-isoform ratios were similar for all the substances that were used, except that both the inhibitory and the stimulatory factors increased the percentage of di-acetylated alpha-MSH at low concentrations (10(-11)M) when compared to their effects at high concentrations (10(-7)M).
多效性α-黑素细胞刺激激素（α-MSH）最为人熟知的作用是调节皮肤色素沉着以及在应对慢性应激时发挥促肾上腺皮质激素作用。因此，应激诱导并增强的α-MSH释放可能会同时影响皮肤色素沉着和应激生理。α-MSH的释放受下丘脑激素和神经递质的多重控制。促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH）、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）、黑素细胞集中激素（MCH）和多巴胺（DA）已在体外灌流实验中测试其调节紫红笛鲷垂体释放α-MSH的潜力。TRH和CRH刺激α-MSH的释放，而MCH和DA则抑制其释放。在未受刺激（基础）释放期间，单乙酰化α-MSH是主要形式。在使用促分泌素进行灌流时，我们发现，无论其具有抑制还是刺激能力，同工型频率均未改变。除了抑制因子和刺激因子在低浓度（10^(-11)M）时与高浓度（10^(-7)M）相比均增加了双乙酰化α-MSH的百分比外，所有使用的物质的MSH同工型比率相似。
