Berry Sandra, Mangione Carol M, Lindblad Anne S, McDonnell Peter J
RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California 90407, USA.
Ophthalmology. 2003 Dec;110(12):2285-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.08.021.
To identify the content area for a questionnaire designed to measure the vision-targeted, health-related quality of life for persons with well-corrected refractive error.
Cross-sectional study.
Fifty-two focus groups were conducted with 414 patients from 5 geographically diverse ophthalmic and optometric sites to identify the content area of a questionnaire for use among persons with myopia and hyperopia.
A standard protocol was used to structure each focus group discussion, and groups were led by centrally trained moderators at each participating site. Results were summarized and analyzed using a standard set of codes. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted.
Self-reported observations or comments about vision, vision correction, and other aspects of quality of life.
Among the 414 participants, 9262 mentions of comments were recorded. The most frequent comments reported by participants were about types of vision correction, followed by comments with their own vision and vision-related symptoms. The distribution of comments by topic domain was generally similar across types of correction and type of refractive error. The most frequent specific comments about glasses concerned problems with reading, adjustment between near and far vision, and appearance. The most frequent comments about contact lenses included those on symptoms such as dry eyes, itching and tired eyes, and headaches, and negative comments about ease of use. The most frequent comments among patients with surgical correction concerned fewer driving problems; fewer symptoms; and improvement in vision, recreation, and comfort. Participants provided equal numbers of positive and negative comments about glasses. Twice as many positive as negative comments were given by contact lens wearers, and 4 times as many positive comments were provided by patients who had undergone surgical correction.
Using focus groups, we were able to identify content areas and aspects of visual functioning in persons with refractive error that are not measured by standard visual acuity testing in the clinic or by other vision-targeted, health-related quality of life instruments such as the 25- or 51-item National Eye Institute-Visual Functioning Questionnaire. The similarity of problems mentioned across refractive error type and correction method suggests it will be possible to develop a single questionnaire with adequate content validity to compare the impact of different modes of correction in vision-targeted, health-related quality of life.
确定一份问卷的内容领域，该问卷旨在测量屈光不正得到良好矫正者的以视力为导向的、与健康相关的生活质量。
横断面研究。
在5个地理位置不同的眼科和验光机构对414名患者进行了52个焦点小组访谈，以确定一份供近视和远视患者使用的问卷的内容领域。
采用标准方案构建每个焦点小组讨论，各参与机构由经过集中培训的主持人主持小组讨论。结果使用一套标准编码进行汇总和分析。进行了定性和定量分析。
关于视力、视力矫正及生活质量其他方面的自我报告观察结果或评论。
在414名参与者中，记录到9262条评论。参与者报告最多的评论是关于视力矫正类型，其次是关于自身视力和视力相关症状的评论。不同矫正类型和屈光不正类型的评论按主题领域的分布大致相似。关于眼镜最常见的具体评论涉及阅读问题、远近视力调节以及外观。关于隐形眼镜最常见的评论包括干眼、眼痒、眼疲劳和头痛等症状，以及关于使用便利性的负面评论。接受手术矫正的患者中最常见的评论是驾驶问题减少；症状减轻；视力、娱乐和舒适度有所改善。参与者对眼镜的正面和负面评论数量相当。隐形眼镜佩戴者给出的正面评论是负面评论的两倍，接受手术矫正的患者给出的正面评论是负面评论的4倍。
通过焦点小组访谈，我们能够确定屈光不正患者视觉功能的内容领域和方面，这些内容在临床标准视力测试或其他以视力为导向的、与健康相关的生活质量工具（如25项或51项国家眼科研究所视觉功能问卷）中并未得到测量。不同屈光不正类型和矫正方法所提及问题的相似性表明，有可能编制一份具有足够内容效度的单一问卷，以比较不同矫正方式对以视力为导向的、与健康相关的生活质量的影响。
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