Nakao Takehira, Komiya Shuichi
Graduate School of Human-Environment, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan.
J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci. 2003 Nov;22(6):293-8. doi: 10.2114/jpa.22.293.
The aims of this study were to determine reference norms for a fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) in a large population of healthy children in Japan, to observe differences in these values in three age groups between ages three and eleven, and to develop percentile distributions for these parameters. Five hundred twenty-two boys and six hundred forty-nine girls with a wide spectrum of stature, body mass, and body composition underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the determination of fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM). Both FFM and FM were divided by stature(2) to give FFMI and FMI, as described previously. Normal FFMI and FMI were defined within the range of the 25th to 75th percentile of age- and gender-specific data in this study. The reference norms for FFMI (3-11 yrs) were 12.7-13.4 kg/m(2) in boys and 12.0-13.0 kg/m(2) in girls. A modest increase in boys was observed with an age increase; otherwise, there were no marked age differences in FFMI for the children as a whole. The reference norms for FMI were 2.8-3.6 kg/m(2) in boys and 3.2-3.8 kg/m(2) in girls. For each 3-year category (i.e., ages 3-5, 6-8 and 9-11 yrs.), FMI progressively increased by an average of 28.6% in boys and 18.8% in girls, compared to an increase in BMI of 11.0 and 11.3% respectively. FFMI and FMI are appropriate for many purposes, and have the advantage of expressing both aspects of body composition in common units. In conclusion, the data presented as percentiles can serve as reference in comparing a child's body composition to that of healthy children of the same age and gender. The reference standards should be appropriate for almost all children in the Japan for whom stature, body mass, and body composition can be measured satisfactorily. However, a more sophisticated approach is ultimately required for evaluating body composition. This article is a preliminary attempt to promote future research in the area of childhood body composition.
本研究的目的是确定日本大量健康儿童的去脂体重指数（FFMI）和体脂指数（FMI）的参考标准，观察3至11岁三个年龄组中这些数值的差异，并制定这些参数的百分位数分布。522名男孩和649名女孩，他们的身高、体重和身体成分范围广泛，接受了生物电阻抗分析（BIA）以测定去脂体重（FFM）和体脂（FM）。如前所述，FFM和FM均除以身高的平方以得出FFMI和FMI。本研究中，正常的FFMI和FMI定义为年龄和性别特异性数据的第25至75百分位数范围内。FFMI（3 - 11岁）的参考标准为男孩12.7 - 13.4kg/m²，女孩12.0 - 13.0kg/m²。随着年龄增长，男孩的FFMI有适度增加；否则，总体而言儿童的FFMI没有明显的年龄差异。FMI的参考标准为男孩2.8 - 3.6kg/m²，女孩3.2 - 3.8kg/m²。对于每个3年年龄段（即3 - 5岁、6 - 8岁和9 - 11岁），与BMI分别增加11.0%和11.3%相比，男孩的FMI平均递增28.6%，女孩平均递增18.8%。FFMI和FMI适用于多种目的，并且具有以通用单位表达身体成分两个方面的优势。总之，以百分位数呈现的数据可作为将儿童身体成分与同年龄、同性别的健康儿童进行比较的参考。该参考标准应适用于日本几乎所有能够令人满意地测量身高、体重和身体成分的儿童。然而，最终需要更复杂的方法来评估身体成分。本文是在儿童身体成分领域推动未来研究的初步尝试。
