Norsayani Mohamad Yaakob, Noor Hassim Ismail
Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
J Occup Health. 2003 May;45(3):172-8. doi: 10.1539/joh.45.172.
Medical students face the threat of needle stick injury with the consequent risk of acquiring blood-borne infection by pathogens such as HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C while performing their clinical activities in the hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 final year medical students from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), University Malaya (UM) and Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The aims of the study were to determine the incidence of cases and episodes of needle stick injury among them in the past year. This study was also done to find out the factors that might be associated with the occurrence of this problem. The factors were sociodemographic factors, duration of exposure, level of knowledge of blood-borne diseases and Universal Precaution, perception of risk of blood-borne diseases and level of practice of Universal Precaution. The incidence of needle stick injury among medical students was 14.1% (59 cases). The total number of episodes of needle stick injury was 87 and the incidence of episodes among respondents was high i.e. 20.9%. The highest incidence of episodes of needle stick injury occurred in Obstetric & Gynaecology postings, followed by Medicine and Surgery. For clinical procedures, venepuncture had the highest incidence followed by setting up drips and giving parenteral injections. The results showed the students who had needle stick injury (cases) had lower scores in the practice of Universal Precautions than non-cases (p<0.05). There was a significant association between the level of practice of Universal Precautions and the number of episodes of needle stick injury, i.e. the higher the score for the practice of Universal Precautions, the lower the number of episodes (beta=-2.03 x 10(-2), p<0.05). This study showed that medical students are at risk of needle stick injury and blood-borne infections during their clinical activities while performing procedures on patients especially for those who were poor at practising Universal Precautions. Therefore some preventive measures should be taken by the management of the universities and medical students to avoid the occurrence of these problems.
医学生在医院进行临床活动时面临针刺伤的威胁，随之有感染艾滋病毒、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎等病原体导致血源性感染的风险。对来自马来西亚国民大学（UKM）、马来亚大学（UM）和马来西亚博特拉大学（UPM）的417名医学专业最后一年的学生进行了一项横断面研究。该研究的目的是确定过去一年中他们针刺伤病例和事件的发生率。这项研究还旨在找出可能与该问题发生相关的因素。这些因素包括社会人口统计学因素、接触时间、血源性疾病知识水平和通用预防措施、对血源性疾病风险的认知以及通用预防措施的实践水平。医学生针刺伤的发生率为14.1%（59例）。针刺伤事件总数为87起，受访者中事件发生率很高，即20.9%。针刺伤事件发生率最高的是妇产科实习，其次是内科和外科。对于临床操作，静脉穿刺的发生率最高，其次是静脉输液和注射。结果显示，发生针刺伤（病例）的学生在通用预防措施的实践方面得分低于未发生针刺伤的学生（p<0.05）。通用预防措施的实践水平与针刺伤事件数量之间存在显著关联，即通用预防措施实践得分越高，事件数量越少（β=-2.03×10⁻²，p<0.05）。这项研究表明，医学生在对患者进行操作的临床活动中，尤其是那些通用预防措施实践较差的学生，有针刺伤和血源性感染的风险。因此，大学管理层和医学生应采取一些预防措施，以避免这些问题的发生。
