Schaaf H, Klofat B, Hesse G
Tinnitus-Klinik Arolsen.
HNO. 2003 Dec;51(12):1005-11. doi: 10.1007/s00106-003-0967-y.
Hypersensitivity to sound is a common description of distinct nosological phenomena of peripheral and central hearing disorders, which are characterized by intense suffering from the acoustic environment. One can distinguish between recruitment accompanying inner ear hearing loss, hyperacusis with a general hypersensitivity to sound of any frequency, and phonophobia as an anxious sensitivity towards specific sound largely independent of its volume. While recruitment can be described as a peripheral reaction caused by a lack of outer hair cell moderation, hyperacusis and phonophobia represent disturbances of central auditory processing without peripheral pathology, often combined with psychosomatic reactions. Due to insufficient efferent inhibition, hyperacusis often follows psychovegetative exhaustion. In cases of phonophobia, peripheral and efferent hearing functions are usually intact, but certain learning (conditioning) processes lead to development of specific reactions and avoidance patterns to certain content-related acoustic stimuli. This article describes those different phenomena with regard to their clinical appearance, diagnostics, and possibilities for therapy.
对声音过敏是外周和中枢听力障碍不同疾病现象的常见描述，其特征是对声学环境极度不适。可以区分伴随内耳听力损失的重振、对任何频率声音普遍过敏的听觉过敏，以及对特定声音（很大程度上与其音量无关）的焦虑敏感即恐音症。虽然重振可被描述为由外毛细胞调节功能缺失引起的外周反应，但听觉过敏和恐音症代表中枢听觉处理紊乱且无外周病变，常伴有身心反应。由于传出抑制不足，听觉过敏常继发于精神性植物神经功能衰竭。在恐音症病例中，外周和传出听力功能通常完好，但某些学习（条件反射）过程会导致对某些与内容相关的声学刺激产生特定反应和回避模式。本文就这些不同现象的临床表现、诊断及治疗可能性进行了描述。
