Keen M F, Bujalski L
University of Miami School of Nursing.
Nurse Pract. 1992 Dec;17(12):53-6.
Cholera is a diarrheal disease that results from colonization of the small intestine by the Vibrio cholerae organism. The disease is spread primarily by means of fecal contamination of drinking water and may begin with the sudden onset of profuse, watery diarrhea. Vomiting, rapid dehydration, acidosis, muscular cramps and circulatory collapse are other prominent features of severe cholera. Diagnosis is confirmed by identification of the organism in a stool specimen. Treatment requires immediate replacement of the massive fluid loss before diagnostic studies are ordered. Clinicians should suspect cholera in any case of massive, shock-producing diarrhea, especially if the patient has traveled to a cholera-affected country. This article presents epidemiology and public-health measures, pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical signs and symptoms, and treatment modalities for adults and children infected with the V. cholerae organism.
霍乱是一种腹泻疾病，由霍乱弧菌在小肠定植所致。该疾病主要通过饮用水的粪便污染传播，可能始于突然出现的大量水样腹泻。呕吐、快速脱水、酸中毒、肌肉痉挛和循环衰竭是重症霍乱的其他突出特征。通过在粪便标本中鉴定出该病原体来确诊。在进行诊断性检查之前，治疗需要立即补充大量流失的体液。临床医生在遇到任何导致休克的大量腹泻病例时，都应怀疑霍乱，尤其是如果患者前往过霍乱流行国家。本文介绍了感染霍乱弧菌的成人和儿童的流行病学及公共卫生措施、病理生理学、诊断、临床体征和症状以及治疗方式。
