Kvavilashvili Lia, Mandler George
Department of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK.
Cogn Psychol. 2004 Jan;48(1):47-94. doi: 10.1016/s0010-0285(03)00115-4.
The study of memories that pop into one's mind without any conscious attempt to retrieve them began only recently. While there are some studies on involuntary autobiographical memories (e.g., ) research on involuntary semantic memories or mind-popping is virtually non-existent. The latter is defined as an involuntary conscious occurrence of brief items of one's network of semantic knowledge. The recall of these items (e.g., a word, a name, a tune) is not accompanied by additional contextual information and/or involvement of self-a standard feature of involuntary autobiographical memories. The paper reports several diary and questionnaire studies which looked into the nature and frequency of occurrence of these memories. The data show that people do experience involuntary semantic memories which tend to occur without any apparent cues while being engaged in relatively automatic activities. Possible mechanisms of involuntary semantic memories are discussed (e.g., very long-term priming), and the results of the study provide information on the possible duration of the priming effects in everyday life. Related theoretical and methodological issues and future avenues of research in this neglected area are outlined.
对那些在没有任何有意识的回忆尝试的情况下突然出现在脑海中的记忆的研究直到最近才开始。虽然有一些关于非自愿自传体记忆的研究（例如），但关于非自愿语义记忆或突然出现的记忆的研究实际上并不存在。后者被定义为一个人语义知识网络中的简短项目的非自愿有意识出现。这些项目（例如一个单词、一个名字、一首曲子）的回忆不伴有额外的背景信息和/或自我参与——这是非自愿自传体记忆的一个标准特征。该论文报告了几项日记和问卷调查研究，这些研究探究了这些记忆的性质和出现频率。数据表明，人们确实会经历非自愿语义记忆，这些记忆往往在从事相对自动的活动时没有任何明显线索的情况下出现。讨论了非自愿语义记忆的可能机制（例如非常长期的启动），研究结果提供了关于日常生活中启动效应可能持续时间的信息。概述了这一被忽视领域的相关理论和方法问题以及未来的研究途径。
