Manger William M, Simchon Shlomoh, Stier Charles T, Loscalzo Joseph, Jan Kung-Ming, Jan Rex, Haddy Francis
Department of Medicine, New York University, NY, USA.
J Hypertens. 2003 Dec;21(12):2305-13. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200312000-00019.
Dietary potassium supplementation decreases blood pressure and prevents strokes in humans, and prevents strokes and renal damage in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats.
To study the effects of various concentrations of dietary potassium chloride (KCl) on the hemodynamics of Dahl salt-resistant (DSR) and DSS rats receiving a 1% sodium chloride (NaCl) diet for 8 months, to determine whether there is an optimal dietary concentration of KCl that minimizes increases in blood pressure and causes least impairment of blood flow in the brain and kidneys.
We found a biphasic effect on hemodynamic parameters as a function of dietary KCl in DSS rats of the Rapp strain fed 1% NaCl with increasing dietary KCl (0.7, 2.6, 4 and 8%). After 8 months receiving a diet containing 1% NaCl and 0.7% KCl, DSS rats had mean arterial pressures (MAP), plasma volumes, cardiac outputs and renal and cerebral vascular resistances that were significantly increased compared with those of DSR rats receiving the same diet. With a 2.6% KCl diet, all these parameters were significantly reduced compared with those in DSS rats fed the 0.7% KCl diet and were similar to those in DSR rats fed 2.6% KCl. Total peripheral resistance in DSR and DSS rats was similar on all diets. When KCl was increased to 4 and 8%, MAP, plasma volume, cardiac output and renal vascular resistance progressively increased in DSR and DSS rats, without changing total peripheral resistance. These changes paralleled increases in plasma aldosterone, which resulted from adrenocortical stimulation by the increasing dietary KCl; however, cerebral vascular resistance of DSR and DSS rats decreased significantly with a 4% KCl diet, despite increased aldosterone and sodium retention. Only DSS rats fed a 2.6% KCl diet had hemodynamics similar to those of DSR control rats fed the same diet, and hyperaldosteronism, sodium retention and increased plasma volume did not occur.
'Optimal' dietary KCl (2.6%) prevents hypertension and preserves cerebral and renal hemodynamics in DSS rats fed a diet containing 1% NaCl for 8 months, which causes hypertension when dietary KCl is limited or excessive.
膳食补充钾可降低人类血压并预防中风，还可预防Dahl盐敏感（DSS）大鼠的中风和肾损伤。
研究不同浓度的膳食氯化钾（KCl）对食用1%氯化钠（NaCl）饮食8个月的Dahl盐抵抗（DSR）和DSS大鼠血流动力学的影响，以确定是否存在最佳膳食KCl浓度，可使血压升高最小化，并对脑和肾脏的血流造成最小损害。
我们发现，在喂食1% NaCl的Rapp品系DSS大鼠中，随着膳食KCl浓度增加（0.7%、2.6%、4%和8%），膳食KCl对血流动力学参数有双相作用。在接受含1% NaCl和0.7% KCl饮食8个月后，与接受相同饮食的DSR大鼠相比，DSS大鼠的平均动脉压（MAP）、血浆容量、心输出量以及肾和脑血管阻力显著增加。与喂食0.7% KCl饮食的DSS大鼠相比，喂食2.6% KCl饮食时，所有这些参数均显著降低，且与喂食2.6% KCl的DSR大鼠相似。所有饮食条件下，DSR和DSS大鼠的总外周阻力相似。当KCl增加到4%和8%时，DSR和DSS大鼠的MAP、血浆容量、心输出量和肾血管阻力逐渐增加，总外周阻力不变。这些变化与血浆醛固酮增加平行，这是由于膳食KCl增加刺激肾上腺皮质所致；然而，尽管醛固酮增加和钠潴留，但喂食4% KCl饮食时，DSR和DSS大鼠的脑血管阻力显著降低。只有喂食2.6% KCl饮食的DSS大鼠的血流动力学与喂食相同饮食的DSR对照大鼠相似，且未发生醛固酮增多症、钠潴留和血浆容量增加。
“最佳”膳食KCl（2.6%）可预防喂食含1% NaCl饮食8个月的DSS大鼠患高血压，并维持脑和肾脏的血流动力学，当膳食KCl有限或过量时，该饮食会导致高血压。
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