Loran O B, Seregin A V, Tsyganov S E
Urologiia. 2003 Sep-Oct(5):13-5.
78 kidneys removed for cancer in 1999-2002 were studied for multifocal growth of the tumor. The results demonstrated a direct correlation between multicenter growth of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), size of the primary tumor and stage of the disease. Most of the additional foci were detected at the distance of more than 2.0 cm from the primary tumor, i.e. outside the safety zones in conduction of organ-saving operations. Frequent coincidence of a morphological type of the primary and additional tumors (70%), degree of cell differentiation (80%) and higher incidence of multifocality in infiltrative growth of the primary tumor support the existing hypophysis about the role of intra-organ metastasizing as the underlying cause of multifocal lesions. Also, the study confirmed low preoperative detection of multifocality: 1.8% preoperatively and 19.2% under investigation.
对1999年至2002年期间因癌症切除的78个肾脏进行了肿瘤多灶性生长的研究。结果表明肾细胞癌（RCC）的多中心生长、原发肿瘤大小与疾病分期之间存在直接相关性。大多数额外病灶是在距原发肿瘤超过2.0 cm处检测到的，即在进行保肾手术时的安全区之外。原发肿瘤与额外肿瘤的形态学类型（70%）、细胞分化程度（80%）经常一致，且原发肿瘤浸润性生长时多灶性发生率较高，这支持了关于器官内转移作为多灶性病变潜在原因的现有假说。此外，该研究证实术前对多灶性的检测率较低：术前为1.8%，研究中为19.2%。
